BMS07-1029-TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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pyruvate dehydrogenase rxn role of acety-CoA TCA cycle NADH/FADH2 Oxoloacetate AA/haem from TCA e- transport chain carriers pumping h+ ATP synthase ADP/ATP effect on oxi. phos Inhibitor/uncoupler
Evian Chai
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Created by Evian Chai over 4 years ago
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Question Answer
Where does the Link Reaction occur? In the cytosol of the cytoplasm
What occurs in the link reaction? What is added? What enzyme is needed? What is reduced? Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl CoA CoASH is added Pyruvate dehydrogenase NAD+-->NADH+H+
Where does the TCA Cycle occur? Mitochondrial matrix
What is the TCA cycle? Cycle of oxidations of acetyl CoA to produce intermediates
What does the TCA cycle produce? 3 NADH+H+, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP (10ATP in total) Converts acetyl CoA to 2 CO2
What is the order of events in the TCA cycle? 1. Acetyl CoA 2. Citrate 3. Isocitrate 4. Alpha keto glutarate 5. Succinyl CoA 6. Succinate 7. Fumarate 8. L-Malate 9. OAA
What does citrate synthase do? Convert Acetyl CoA to citrate
What does isocitrate dehydrogenase do? What is reduced/produced? Oxidises isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate NAD+-->NADH+H+ Produces CO2
What does alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase do? What is reduced/produced? Oxidises Alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA NAD+-->NADH+H+ Produces CO2
When is CoASH removed in the TCA cycle? When succinyl CoA becomes Succinate using succinyl CoA synthase (GDP-->GTP+Pi)
What does succinate dehydrogenase do?What is reduced/produced? Oxidises succinate to fumarate FAD-->FADH2
What does malate dehydrogenase do?What is reduced/produced? Oxidises malate to OOA NAD-->NADH+H+
What are the three irreversible steps of the TCA pathway where allosteric regulation occurs? 1. Acetyl CoA-->Citrate via citrate synthase 2. Isocitrate-->Alpha-ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase 3. Alpha-ketoglutarate-->Succinyl CoA via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What are the intermediates produced during the TCA cycle used for? Succinyl CoA-->Hemes Alpha ketoglutarate can undergo transamination to become glutamate Oxoloacetate can undergo transamination to become Aspartate
What is oxaloacetate produced by the TCA cycle used for? Can become phosphoenolpyruvate, then undergoes reverse glycolysis to form glucose (gluconeogenesis)
What is oxidative phosphorylation? The transfer of H atoms to O2 for the purpose of energy trapping/synthesis
What does oxidative phosphorylation yield? 30/32 ATP
Where does oxidative phosphorylation happen? Inner mitochondrial membrane
Which complex in the e- transport chain can FADH2 reduce? Complex II As a result, FADH2 will have fewer protons being pumped into the inter membrane space as electrons are only supplied at complex 2
Flavin cofactors and CoQ are... H+ acceptors
Iron sulphur proteins and Cytochrome proteins are... Electron acceptors
In the E- transport chain, electrons flow in what direction? from carriers with a more negative redox potential to a more positive
What are the steps of the e- transport chain? 1. NADH-->NAD+ by donating two electrons to Flavin MonoNucleotide in Complex 1 2. FADH2 also supplies 2 electrons but only in complex 2 3. Electrons are passed from one electron carrier to the next (Complexes II/Coenzyme Q, III,Cytochrome C oxidase, IV) until the last cytochrome of the chain (Cyt a3), which passes its electrons to oxygen 4. Oxygen also picks up 2H+, forming water
What is the energy from the e- transport chain used for? Pump protons from inner mitochondrial membrane to intermembrane space, creating the protonmotive force
What are the two parts of the protonmotive force? 1. Voltage gradient (more positive outside) 2. pH gradient (more acidic inside 7.2 vs. 7.9)
What does the protonmotive force power? ATP synthase
What occurs when levels of ADP rise/ATP falls? Increased O2 uptake, increase oxi. phos. Vice versa if ADP falls/ATP rises
What are inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation? CN- Carbon monoxide Rotenone (inhibits complex 1) Inhibit the activity of cytochrome
What do uncouplers do? Create channel bypassing ATP synthase to release energy as heat
What are examples of uncouplers? Dinitrophenol Thermogenin protein in brown adipose tissue
Summary of ATP synthesis 2 from glycolysis 5 from 2xNADH from pyruvate dehydrogenase 2 from GTP from TCA 15 from 6xNADH from TCA 3 from 2XFADH2 from TCA 5/3 from NADH from glycolysis Total 30/32
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