2069797
| Question | Answer |
| What is a macrocytic anaemia? What are the causes? | MCV >96, reduced Hb. megaloblastic/ normoblastic anaemia, B12 or folate deficiency, excess alcohol, haemolytic disease, liver disease, hypothyroidism. |
| What is a normocytic anaemia? What are the causes? | MCV normal, reduced Hb. Acute blood loss, chronic disease, marrow infiltration/fibrosis, endocrine disease, combined deficiency |
| What is a microcytic anaemia? What are the causes? | MCV <80, reduced Hb. iron deficiency, chronic disease, thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia. |
| What is the presentation of anaemia? | Chronic- insidious, generalised fatigue, pale skin. More acute- breathlessness, angina pectoris, mild claudication, systolic murmur, tachycardia. |
| What is the normal Fe2+ absorption pathway? | Fe2+ in food, dissolves in low pH of stomach, ferrireductase reduces to ferrous form, absorbed by mucosal cells |
| What is anaemia of chronic disease? | Micro/normocytic anaemia. Occurs in pts with chronic inflammatory conditions. Tx with recombinant erythropoietin |
| What is sideroblastic anaemia? | Rare microcytic anaemia. Disorder in haem synthesis. Inherited or acquired (alcohol). Tx with vit B6 and underlying cause. |
| What is pernicious anaemia? | Autoimmune macrocytic anaemia. Atrophic gastritis causes parietal cell death, so lack of INTRINSIC factor. |
| What is the presentation? How would you treat it? | Insidious onset. Symptoms include glossitis, angular stomatitis, mild jaundice. IM hydroxocobalamin, oral B12. |
| What is aplastic anaemia? What are the causes? What's the treatment? | Macrocytic anaemia due to deficiency of ALL cell elements. Reduction of stem cells. Congenital, idiopathic, HIV, HEP, TB, preg. Transfusion/transplant, ciclosporin. |
| What is haemolytic anaemia? What are the causes? | Normocytic anaemia. Increased lysis of RBCs due to inherited Hb/membrane defects, systemic disease or autoimmune causes |
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