194021
| Question | Answer |
| 8.1 what do plants and some other types of organism use to produce food | energy from the sun |
| 8.1 what characteristics of ATP make it exceptionally useful for what | basic energy source of all cells |
| 8.1 what is an autotroph | organisms, such as plants, that make their own food |
| 8.1 what is a heterotroph? | organisms, such as animals, that cannot use the sun's energy directly and must obtain energy from the foods they consume |
| 8.1 What is ATP or adenosine triphosphate? | the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy |
| 8.1 What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph | Autotrophs, such as plants, are able to use light energy from the sun to make their own food. Heterotroph, such as animals, cannot so they obtain energy from the food they consume. |
| 8.1 What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | It is one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy. |
| 8.1 Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food? | directly from the sun |
| 8.1 What is the difference between ATP and ADP? | ATP can be compared to a fully charged battery because both contain and stored energy. ADP is like a partially charged battery that can produce ATP when another phosphate group is added to it. |
| 8.2 What is photosynthesis | the process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugar and starches |
| 8.2 What is a pigment? | a light-absorbing molecule |
| 8.2 What is chlorophyll? | the principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms which capture light energy |
| 8.2 What does photosynthesis require in order to take place? | water carbon dioxide light chlorophyll |
| 8.2 What three scientist finally discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates while releasing oxygen | van Helmont Priestly Ingenhousz |
| 8.3 What is a thyloakoid? | saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts? |
| 8.3 What is photosystem? | light-collecting units of the chloroplasts |
| 8.3 what is stroma? | regions outside the thylakoid in the chloroplasts |
| 8.3 What is NADP? | one of the carrier molies that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| 8.3 What are light-dependent reactions? | reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| 8.3 What is ATP synthase? | large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATO. |
| 8.3 What is the Calvin Cycle? | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars |
| 8.3 The process of photosynthesis includes what two things? | light-dependent reactions the Calvin Cycle |
| 8.3 What do light-dependent reactions produce what? | oxygen and gas and convert ADP and NADP into ATP and NADPH |
| 8.3 Where do light-dependent reactions occur? | in the thylakoid |
| 8.3 What is the Calvin Cycle? | it uses ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars |
| 8.3 What is another name for the Calvin Cycle? | light-dependent reactions |
| The release of energy in an organism depends on the conversion of | ATP to ADP |
| At the end of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis, high-energy electrons are passed to | NADP+. |
| The reactants of photosynthesis are | CO2 and H2O. |
| Van Helmont's conclusion that most of the weight a plant gains as it grows comes from water does not include the important contribution of | carbon dioxide |
| The major products of the light-dependent reactions are | ATP and NADPH |
| Chlorophyll is important in the | absorption of light energy |
| Priestley's observation that a plant restores the ability of air to support a flame was an important piece of evidence for the idea that photosynthesis | produces oxygen |
| During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used to make sugars in the | Calvin cycle |
| The synthesis and breakdown of ATP within the cells is controlled by | enzyme |
| How do heterotrophs and autotrophs differ in the way they obtain energy? | autotrophs, such as plants, that make their own food while heterotrophs, such as animals, that cannot use the sun's energy directly and must obtain energy from the foods they consume |
| Describe the 3 parts of an ATP molecule | adenine ribribose 3 phosphate group |
| Use the analogy of a battery to explain how energy is stored in and released from ATP | ATP can be compared to a fully charged battery because both contain stored energy |
| Compare the amounts of energy stored by ATP and glucose. Which compound is used by the cell as an immediate source of energy? | A single molecule of the sugar glucose stores more that 90 times the chemical energy of a molecule of ATP and |
| How were Preistly's and Igenhousz's discoveries abouth photosynthesis related? | k |
| Write the basic equation for photosynthesis using the names of the starting and final substances of the process | k |
| what role do plant pigments play in the process of photosynthesis? | k |
| Explain the role of NADP+ as an energy carrier in photosynthesis | k |
| What is the role of ATP synthase? How does it work? | m |
| Summarize what happens in the Calvin Cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars |
| How do the events in the Calvin cycle depend on light-dependent reactions? | k |
| Describe 3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs | k |
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