18372461
Description
Flashcards by Sam Gunnell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Gunnell
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a vaccination? | A deliberate exposure to an antigen to produce an immune response |
| What can be in a vaccine? | -Weakened form of a microbe -Antigens of a pathogen |
| What is herd immunity? |
When enough people are vaccinated to provide immunioty for the whole population as eventhough not everyone is vaccinated, there is no one to give it to those that havnt been vaccinated
Image:
Herd (binary/octet-stream)
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| What is ring immunity? | When a new case of a disease is reported, all the perople around the infected person are vaccinated, preventing it from spreading |
| What is active immunity? | When a person makes their own antibodies to fight a disease |
| What is passive immunity? | When a patient is given someone elses' antibodies |
| What is natural immunity? | It is a pre-existing and natural defense mechanism inherited from parents to offspring |
| What is artificial immunity? | Making someone immune to a disease through treatment rather than just waiting for them to catch the disease |
| Why does the flu/influenza vaccine need to be refreshed every year? | The virus keeps mutating so that the antigens change shape so the T memory cells produced will no longer be complimentary to the antigen, so antobodies can't be made as the cell won't get activated |
| Give two reasons why new drugs are needed | -Not all diseases have cures yet -Some antibiotics are becoming ineffective |
| Give two possible ways that new medicineas can be discovered with an example | -Accidental discovery eg Flemming eith penicilin -Plant research eg fox glove can treat abnormal heartbeat rhythms |
| Explain what antibiotics do and suggest a reason why they are becoming ineffective | Antibiotics prevent the growth of bacteria but overuse can result in resistant bacteria developing |
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