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| Question | Answer |
| Sex Chromosome | Chromosome associated with an individual's sex |
| Autosome | A non-sex chromosome |
| Sister Chromatids | The two identical chromatid copies in a replicated chromosome |
| Replicated Chromosome | A chromosome that has been copied; consists of two identical chromatids, each containing one double helical DNA molecule |
| Unreplicated Chromosome | A chromosome that consists of one double helical molecule of DNA packaged with proteins |
| Homologous Chromosomes (homologs) | In a diploid organism, chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and gene content |
| Non-sister chromatids | Chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes (each parent cell) |
| Bivalent (or tetrad) | Homologous replicated chromosomes that are joined together during the prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis |
| Haploid number | The number of different types of chromosomes in a cell; symbolized n ex: Humans have 23 different types of chromosomes (n = 23) |
| Diploid Number | The number of chromosomes present in a diploid cell; symbolized 2n ex: In all human cells except gametes are diploid and contain 46 chromosomes (2n = 46) |
| Ploidy | The number of each type of chromosome present |
| Haploid | Having one of each type of chromosome (n) ex: Bacteria and archaea are haploid, as are many algae; plant and animal gametes are haploid |
| Diploid | Having two of each type of chromosome (2n) ex: Most familiar plants and animals are diploid |
| Polyploid | Having more than two of each type of chromosome; cells may be triploid (3n), tetraploid (4n), hexaploid (6n) and so on |
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