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Description
Flashcards by Chanelle Titchener, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chanelle Titchener
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Learning Theory | - Classical Conditioning - Operant Conditioning - Social Learning Theory |
| Classical Conditioning | - First investigated by Pavlov - Things become associated with food because they are present at the time of being fed - Food = UCS / Pleasure = UCR - Mother = NS = No response - NS = CS / Pleasure = CR |
| Operant Conditioning | - First investigated by Skinner - Hunger = discomfort - Food = primary reinforcer - Negative reinforcement = the removal of hunger = reward |
| Social Learning Theory | - First investigated by Bandura - Modelling can be used to explain attachment behaviours - Children observe their parent's affectionate behaviour and imitate this |
| Evaluation | Learning theory is based on animal research > Skinner's rats / Pavlov's dogs > Limited generalisability to complex human behaviours > Non-behaviourists suggest innate predispositions |
| Evaluation | Contact comfort is more important than food > Limitation of learning theory > Feeding has nothing to do with attachment (Harlow) |
| Evaluation | Learning theory has some explanatory power > Infants do learn through association and reinforcement > Food is not a primary reinforcer but may be attention and responsiveness |
| Bowlby's Monotropic Attachment Theory | - Critical period - infants have the innate drive for attachments and have a time period for development - Social releasers - smiling elicits a caring response - innate mechanism - Monotropy - infants have one special emotional bond with the primary attachment figure |
| Bowlby's Theory | - Consequences of attachment - An infant has a single special relationship and forms a mental representation of this relationship (Internal working model) 1 - short-term insight into caregiver's behaviour 2 - long-term template for future relationships |
| Evaluation | Is attachment adaptive? > Important in emotional development but less critical for survival > Monkeys cling to their mother's fur to become attached as soon as possible > Humans do not need to cling onto their mothers as they get picked up |
| Evaluation | A sensitive period rather than critical? > Should not be possible to form attachments beyond the critical period > Rutter suggested that this is true to some extent - less likely to form after this point but not impossible |
| Evaluation | Multiple attachments vs monotropy > No primary or secondary attachment figures but are all integrated into a single internal working model |
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