1575892
Description
Flashcards by themarkkiley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by themarkkiley
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define: Acid rain | Rain that is more acidic than normal, due to Sulphur and nitrogen oxides dissolved in it. |
| Define: Acquired Characteristic | A characteristic that is changed by the environment rather than inherited from your parents. |
| Define: Adaptation | Organisms have certain characteristics that allow them to survive in particular places. These characteristics are called adaptations. |
| Define: Addicted | When the body is dependent on a drug and doesn't work properly without it. |
| Define: Algae (Singluar - Alga) | A group of organisms that can make food using photosynthesis but do not have roots or leaves, like plants. These organisms include seaweeds and some single-celled organisms |
| Define: Alkali | A soluble base |
| Define: Alkane | A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between two carbon atoms. |
| Define: Alkene | A hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. |
| Define: Allele | Every gene comes in different types called Alleles. So a gene for eye colour may come in a 'blue type' allele and a 'brown type' allele. |
| Define: Alloy | Mixture of metals |
| Define: Alloy steel | An alloy of iron with other metals (steel itself is not an alloy) |
| Alpha Particles | A type of ionising radiation emitted by a radioactive material. |
| Define: Alternating Current | Current whose direction changes many time each second. |
| Define: Amphibians | Vertebrates that have a moist, permeable skin and lay jelly-coated eggs in water. |
| Define: Amplitude | The maximum distance of particles in a wave from their normal positions. |
| Define: Antacid | A compound that is used to neutralise acid in the stomach |
| Define: Antibacterial | Antibiotic that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. |
| Define: Antibiotic | Substance that can kill or slow the growth of microorgansims |
| Define: Antifungal | Antibiotic that kills or slows the growth of fungi. |
| Define: Antiseptic | Substance that is used to stop the spread of Pathogens. |
| Define: Aqueous Solution | Mixture formed when a substance dissolves in water. |
| Define: Atmosphere | Layers of gases that surrounds the earth. |
| Define: Atom | The smallest part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions. |
| Define: Autotrophic feeding | Make food from small molecules using an energy source, such as light in photosynthesis. |
| Define: Auxin | Plant hormone that affects the growth and elongation of cells in plants. |
| Define: Axon | The long extension of a neurone that carries an impulse away from the cell body towards other neurones. |
| Define: Bacteria (Singular - Bacterium) | Simple organisms consisting of one cell that does not contain a nucleus. |
| Define: Bacterium (Plural - Bacteria) | Microscopic organisms, some kinds of which are pathogens, such as Salmonella. |
| Define: Balanced Equation | Description of a reaction using the symbols and formulae of the reactants and products. |
| Define: Base | A substance that will react with an acid to form only salt and water. |
| Define: Beta particles | A type of ionising radiation emitted by radioactive material. |
| Define: Big bang theory | The theory that says that the universe began from a tiny point with huge energy, and has been expanding ever since. |
| Define: Binomial system | System of naming organisms using two latin words. |
| Define: Biodegradable | A substance that can be broken down by microorgansims. |
| Define: Biodiesel | Diesel fuel made from plant material. |
| Define: Biodiversity | A variety of species of plants and animals. |
| Define: Biofuel | Any fuel made by humans from animal or plant materials that have recently died. |
| Define: Biogas | Methane made from animal manure or biodegradable waste from homes and farms |
| Define: Biomass | The total mass in living organisms, usually shown through the dry mass. |
| Define: Birds | Vertebrates that have lungs, feathers and beaks, and lay hard shelled eggs. |
| Define: Bitumen | The fraction of crude oil with the longest molecules. It is used for making roads and roofs. |
| Define: Black hole | Core of a red supergiant that has collapsed (imploded). Black holes are formed if the remaining core has a mass more than three times of our sun. |
| Define: Blackspot fungus | Fungus that damages roses and is killed by sulphur dioxide in the air. Good indicator of clean air. |
| Define: Blood glucose regulation | The control of concentration of glucose in the blood by the body. |
| Define: Blood worm | Aquatic species that is an indicator of polluted water. |
| Define: Body mass index (BMI) | Estimate of how healthy a person's mass is for their height. |
| Define: Boiling point | The temperature at which all of a substance starts to turn into a gas. |
| Define: Bonds | Forces of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule. |
| Define: Bromine test | A test for unsaturation. Bromine water turns colourless when mixed with an unsaturated molecule. |
| Define: Bromine water | A solution of bromine and water that turns colourless when mixed with an unsaturated molecule. |
| Define: Carats | A measure of the purity of gold with pure gold being 24 carat. |
| Define: Carbon brushes | Blocks of carbon connected to a circuit. They press against slip rings to make an electrical connection between the circuit and the spinning coil in a generator. |
| Define: Carbon cycle | A sequence of processes by which carbon moves from the atmosphere, through living organisms, into sediments and into the atmosphere again. |
| Define: Carbon monoxide | A toxic gas (CO), it is found in tobacco smoke that replaces oxygen in the blood, and so reduces the amount of oxygen carried around the body. |
| Define: Carbon neutral | A fuel or process that does not add any carbon dioxide to the atmosphere overall. |
| Define: Carcinogen | Something that causes cancer, such as tar in tobacco smoke. |
| Define: Cataracts | When the lens of the eye becomes cloudy. |
| Define: Cell membrane | Thin layer around a cell that controls what goes into and out of the cell. |
| Define: Cell wall | Outer stiff part of some cells that helps to support a cell. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. |
| Define: Cement | Material made by heating limestone with clay. |
| Define: Central nervous system (CNS) | The spinal cord and brain. These two organs form the main part of the nervous system, processing and controlling the transmission of electrical impulses. |
| Define: Chalk | Sedimentary rock, mostly calcium carbonate, made from the remains of marine micro-organisms. |
| Define: Characteristics | The features of an organisms. |
| Define: Chemical defence | Preventing attack by the use of chemicals. For example, many plants produce chemicals that taste unpleasant and this puts puts herbivores off eating them. |
| Define: Chemical formula | A combination of symbols and numbers that shows how many atoms of different kinds are in a particular molecule. In compounds that do not form molecules, it shows the ratio of elements in the compound. |
| Define: Chemical potential energy | The energy stored in matter, which can be released by a chemical reaction (such as combustion) |
| Define: Chemosynthetic bacteria | Bacteria that gets the energy they need to make their food from breaking down chemicals; they are producers. |
| Define: Chloroplast | Green disc found in plant cells, which is used to make food for the plant using photosynthesis. |
| Define: Chordata | Animals that have a supporting rod along the length of their body. All vertebrates belong to this group. (Chordates) |
| Define: Chromosome | A long thread of molecule called DNA. Each chromosome contain a series of genes along its length. |
| Define: Cirrhosis | Damage to the liver caused by drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long time. |
| Define: Classification | The process of sorting organisms into groups based on their characteristics. |
| Define: Cleaner fish | Fish that eat dead skin. Parasites from the skin of other fish. |
| Define: Climate change | Changes to the Earth's climate, or changes in weather patterns on a global scale. |
| Define: Clinically obese | When someone is very overweight for their height to an extent that has been shown by doctors to cause health problems. For adults this is defined as having a BMI of over 30. |
| Define: CNS | Central Nervous System. |
| Define: Combustion | Chemical reaction when substances burn, combining with oxygen to produce heat and waste products such as Carbon Dioxide. |
| Define: Competition | When organisms need the same resources as each other, they struggle against each other to get those resources. |
| Define: Complete Combustion | Combustion of hydrocarbons with enough oxygen present to convert all the fuel into carbon dioxide and water. |
| Define: Compound | A substance containing two or more elements joined together chemically. |
| Define: Concentration | The amount of a substance dissolved in a certain quantity of a liquid. g/cm^3 |
| Define: Concrete | Material made by mixing cement with sand, stones and water. |
| Define: Conductor (Electrical) | A sample which allows electricity to pass through it. |
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