Level 1 Biology Flashcards (SET ONE)

Question	Answer
Asexual Reproduction	Reproduction involving only one parent (usually female) - offspring genetically identical to the parent and to each other
Sexual Reproduction	Reproduction involving two parents - offspring different from the parent and to each other
Clone	An organism produced asexually from one parent - offspring genetically identical to both its parents and siblings
Trait	A genetically determined characteristic
Mutation	A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
Allele	Different forms of the same gene - they can be dominant or recessive
Genotype	The particular alleles of an organism
Phenotype	The observable characteristics of an organism as a result of its genotype
Pure breeding	Individuals that are homozygous - will always produce offspring with the same genotype when crossed together
Homozygous	An individual with two alleles that are the same for a particular trait
Heterozygous	An individual with two alleles that are different for a particular trait
Test Cross	Cross between an unknown genotype organism and a homozygous recessive to work out the genotype from the offspring
Dominant	Allele which is always expressed even if only one is present - written with an upper-case letter e.g 'A'
Recessive	Allele which is only expressed when two of them are present - written with a lower-case letter e.g 'a'
Pedigree Chart	Diagram/family tree that shows the phenotypes of related individuals
Haploid	Having a single set of chromosomes (n)

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	Created by Eleanor James over 5 years ago