143453
Description
Flashcards by eimearkelly3, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by eimearkelly3
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Compound microscope | 2 lenses (objective and eyepiece) |
| Simple microscope | Single lens |
| Eyepiece lens | Magnify the image |
| Nosepiece | Revolves to put the desired lens into position |
| Objective lens | Magnifies the image |
| Stage | Holds the slide, which contains the object |
| Diaphragm lever | Controls the amount of light reaching the object |
| Condenser | Focuses light on the object (not always present) |
| Mirror / light source | To supply light to the object |
| Stage height adjustment | To allow the long, high power lens to fit over the slide |
| Clip | To hold the slide |
| Fine adjustment | For precise focusing |
| Coarse adjustment | For rough focusing |
| The units in which cells are measured | micrometres |
| Cytoplasm | liquid surrounding the nucleus incuding organelles |
| Cytosol | The liquid surrounding th enucleus not incuding organelles |
| Protoplasm | All living parts of the cell including the nucleus |
| Stain for animal cells | Methylene blue |
| Stain for plant cells | Iodine |
| Component of plant cell wall | Cellulose |
| What does the vacuole contain? | Cell sap - salts, pigments, sugars |
| Function of the cell wall | Support |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscope Sends a beam of electrons through a thin section of the specimen. This shows the internal structure of the specimen in great detail. |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope Uses a beam of electrons to provide a surface view of the specimen. |
| Ultrastructure | The fine detail of a cell as seen with an electron microscope. |
| Cell membranes are composed of | Proteins, and phospholipids |
| Water-loving | Phosphate head |
| Water-hating | Lipid tail |
| Double layer | Bilayer |
| Permeability of cell membranes | Semi or selectively permeable |
| transport using energy | active transport |
| Functions of cell membranes | The surface of the membrane contains receptors that receive chemical messages from other parts of the body and bring them to the cell. Membranes retain the cells contents Membranes control what enters and leaves the cell. Membranes can allow the free passage of some molecules and prevent the passage of others. In this way they are said to be SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE. e.g. water and oxygen can pass freely but sodium ions and large proteins have to be moved across using energy (ACTIVE TRANSPORT) Membranes give some support to the cell. Membranes recognise molecules that touch them. Membranes are in constant motion --> fluid mossaic model. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| number of chromosomes in humans | 46 |
| Live plant cells without a nucleus | Phloem sieve tube cells |
| Live animal cells without a nucleus | Red blood cells |
| Where are ribosomes made? | Nucleolus |
| Mitochondria | Supply energy, aerobic astage of respiration, reproduction by means of binary fission |
| Chloroplasts | Where photosynthesis takes place, contains the green pigment chlorophyll |
| Light stage of photosynthesis | Granum |
| Dark stage of photosynthesis | Stroma |
| Permeability of cell walls | Fully permeable |
| Function of ribosomes | Protein synthesis |
| Prokaryotes | No true nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Eukaryotes | True nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
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