14164390
Description
Flashcards by Elizabeth Then, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elizabeth Then
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Milestones 3-6 years | physical - gains 1.5 2 kg per year, grows 4-6cm a year fine - uses scissors, draws circles, enjoys art gross - throws a ball, climbs well sensory - visual acuity, can focus well |
| Communication strategies - preschooler | simple terminology use accurate names for body parts allow time for child to integrate explanations praise after procedures |
| Play in pre-school years | begins to play in new way participates/interacts with other childrne play can have a therapeutic value dramatic play |
| Threats to development | malnutrition, illness, hospitalisation, poverty, poor family relationships, culture, child care environment, physical environment |
| School years | brain still developing- myelination in frontal cortx - attention span increases develop literacy personality development peers become important |
| Milestones 5 or 6-12 years | physical - gains 1.5-2 kg a year grows 4-6 cm a year fine - enjoys craft, plays board games gross - rides two wheeler, jumps rope sensory - can read, able to concentrate |
| Communication - school child | increased vocabulary should learn to correct grammatical errors enjoys writing understands sexual differences |
| Communication strategies -school age children | provide concrete examples assess knowledge allow child to select rewards teach techniques |
| Play during school years | cooperative play participate, interacts with other children can hold a bat, understand role in games and form a team |
| Understanding death at different ages | 2-5 years - temporary, still have feeling, avoidable 5-9 years - complete understanding by age of 7 years, concern for others and themselves |
| Adolescence | age 12 - 18 years signalling end of childhood puberty maturation of body |
| Milestones 12-18 years | physical - growth spurt, muscular, stronger fine - skills well developed gross - new sport attempted sensory - fully developed |
| 5 stages of puberty in boys | boys stage 1 no sexual development 2 testes enlarge 3 penis enlarges 4 male breast, facial hair, testes and penis enlarges 5 - fully mature male, increase in height |
| 5 stages of puberty in girls | stage1 - no sexual development 2 - breast budding, first pubic hair 3 - breast enlarge, vaginal discharge 4 - onset of menstruration 5 - fully mature |
| Early puberty | blind, obese, live in large cities depressed, stress felt conflict with peers treated as adults |
| Late puberty | ballet dancers, olympics, treated as babies for longer, frustrated, angry, immature |
| Understanding death in adolescence | long term able to reflect in life and death role within family understood |
| Threats to development | substance use, poor nutrition, difficulty making friends, violence, poverty, dropping out of school |
| Protest stage preschool and school age | preschool - generally less obvious, cry quietly school age - concern of missing school and friends, think their friends will forget them |
| Loss of control preschool ages and school age | pre-school - fear of loss of slef control of body functions and emotions school - control self care, feel helpless, dependent, make choices well |
| Fear of bodily injury and pain pre-school and school age | pre-school - major fear of death and disability, afraid of procedure school - rely on parents, attempt to maintain composure |
| Adolescent reactions | physical restrictions altered routines and rituals dependency independence interrupted by illness |
| effects of chronic illness or disability on children and adolescents | developmental delay increased dependence on family limited socialisation |
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