Psychology 10 Post-Midterm

Question	Answer
Interleaved vs Blocked Learning	Blocked = clumping problems together to solve; for immediate problems Interleaved = solving each problem one by one; good for long-term
Meshing Hypothesis: Real or nah?	States that each person has a different learning style that is better for them; but technically not true bc some learning helps in certain ways
Prototype Theory	represents the average; can depend on exp ex: shoe has different words in different parts of the US
Exemplar Theory	compare new instances w stored memories for other times
Superordinate; Basic Level; Subordinate Categories	general (vehicles, animals...); cars, cats; toyota, calico cat gets more specific as you go down
Linguistic determinism	theory that language affects the way you think, but technically it only affects the way you see the world ex: bridge is male or female??
Availability Heuristic vs Representativeness Heuristics	heuristic = mental shortcut what is most remembered/recent is the one you recall vs judging you based on what you seem to be rather than data ~stereotypes
What is Framing Effects and what does it do?	changing how an issue is presented can change people's decisions
Loss aversion	Avoid losses > achieve wins
Sunk-Cost Fallacy	prior investment taken into account when making decisions about future ex: you bought ticket, but you got sick; but you still feel obligated to go even tho u sick bc u spent money
Prospect Theory aka why do we suffer from sunk-cost fallacy	losses mean more than gains
Means-End Heuristic Analogical Problem Solving	divide big problem into smaller problems and work from current to goal knowing how to solve a prob bc you solved smth similar before
What effects do other people have on our decisions?	Normative influence - wanting to conform Informational influence - when you agree w others when you think they right Group polarization - say things to agree w others Social facilitation - we work better w others
Fundamental Attribution Error	overestimating disposition influences and underestimating situational influences on people's behavior who they are vs what situation they in
Postdecisional Dissonance	tfw you chose LA > SD so you think of bad things of SD and good things of LA
Foot in the door Door in the face Low-balling	start w small and go big; start w big then request small; already committed? how about more :)
Teratogens	anything that can impair the embryo or fetus' development esp since babies learn in the womb!!!!
Baby facts	babies tend to get bored easily (habituation) like looking at things that look like faces probably cannot remember anything before age 3 imprinting is real
Assimilation	process of putting new info w existing schema
Accommodation	process of creating new schema to include new info that did not fit in the og schema
Piaget Viewpoint	believed that children learned specific things at certain ages that denoted their mind age
Object permanence; Law of conservation of quantity; egocentricism	things exist even when not seen; things are the same even when container changes; cannot see thru other pov only me!!
Theory of Mind	~~egocentrism when you can understand things from other ppl's perspectives
diathesis	something that already exists that may lead for a person to have a psych disorder when combined w stress
Anxiety Disorders	phobias (social and specific), panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and its cycle?	obsessions --> anxiety --> compulsions --> temporary relief -- > obsessions...
Depressive Disorders	major depressive disorder (depression); persistent depressive order (depressions in years); seasonal affective disorder
Childhood Disorders	Autism Spectrum Disorder ADHD Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Nacissistic Pers.. Disorder
BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS hint: CANOE	conscientiousness (careless vs careful) agreeableness (sus or helpful) neuroticism (emotional stability) openness (practical vs imaginative) extraversion (reserved vs sociable)
Trait Theory Criticisms	overemphasizes stable personality characteristics and underemphasizes the situation
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder	DSM is the bible of disorders you got this this and this? means you have this disorder
What is the role of culture on personality and disorders?	some cultures have different amounts of disorders compared to others
Research Domain Criteria Project	solving the threshold problem--- when is it you have a disorder and when are you okay
Psychoanalytic vs Humanistic Therapy	psycho: goal to reduce inner conflict by giving insight into feelings and thoughts (childhood memories) humanistic: active listening
Behavioral vs Cognitive Therapies	assumes disordered behavior is learned and seeks to change bad behaviors (exposure therapy) teaches ppl new/constructive ways to think
Phonemes vs Morphemes	smallest unit of sound (diff between categories of sound) vs smallest unit of meaning (dogs = 2 morphemes = dog + s)
1st theory of language development: Behaviorist Perspective	we learn language thru reinforcement; completely nurture not nature
2nd theory of lang. dev: Nativist Perspective	lang learning capacities built into the brain
3rd lang dev theory: internationalist perspective	innate capacity for language interacts w exp
Cross Sectional Study vs Longitudinal Study	comparing you now to an 80 y/o vs comparing you now then comparing you again at age 80
Socioeconomic Selectivity Theory	as people grow older, they perceive time to be limit and adjust their priorities to emph emotionally meaningful events over excitement (can be applied to those that are leaving or separating)
Stages of Language Development	babbling --> one word stage --> telegraphic speech (verb + noun)
Erikson	Identity (adolescents create a sense of identity thru turbulent changes) and we decide what matters as we go thru life

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Psychology 10 Post-Midterm

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	Created by Quynh Tran over 6 years ago