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Description
Flashcards by Aaishah Din, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aaishah Din
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is crude oil? | crude oil is a mixture of many different compounds. Majority of these compounds are hydrocarbons (compounds containing just hydrogen and carbon.) |
| What is an alkane? | - saturated hydrocarbons - no double bond - all carbon-carbon bonds are covalent general formula = (C x n)(H x 2n + 1) |
| What are the first alkanes? | methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, (hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane.) |
| Properties of hydrocarbons | short: - low boiling point - low viscosity (how easily it flows) - high volatility (tendency to evaporate) - high flammability |
| How does fractional distillation work | Crude oil is heated and fed in near the bottom of a fractionating column as vapor. The temp decreases as you go up the column. The gases move up column and hydrocarbons condense when they reach their boiling point then you collect them as liquids at different fractions |
| hydorcarbons with the smallest molecules come out at the top as gases. | the ones with the longest come out at the bottom as thick liquids or solids. they have high boiling points. |
| why do lighter fractions make better fuels? | ignite easier, burn well with cleaner (less smoky) flames. |
| the formula for the combustion of a hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water |
| What is cracking? | when long molecules of hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller more useful ones |
| How does cracking work | - pass the vapors over a hot catalyst - mixing them with steam and heating to high temp |
| what does cracking produce | alkanes, used as fuels, and alkenes. |
| alkenes react with ______ ______ water, turning it __________ | orange bromine water, turning it colourless |
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