13006606
Description
Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are sense organs? | Groups of receptor cells which respond to specific stimuli |
| What types of stimuli cause a response by the nervous system? | Light Sound Touch Temperature Chemicals |
| What does the central nervous system consist of? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What are the properties of a reflex action? | Fast Automatic Some are protective |
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Describe a reflex response.
Image:
Reflex (binary/octet-stream)
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1. Receptor cells in the skin detect a stimulus (the heat from the candle). 2. Sensory neurone sends impulses to relay neurone in the spinal cord. 3. The relay neurone connects to the motor neurone (and also sends a message to the brain). 4. Motor neurone sends impulses to effector. 5. Effector produces a response (muscle contracts to move hand away). |
| What is homeostasis? | Maintaining a stable internal environment |
| Why is homeostasis important? | Metabolism operates only within a narrow range of temperature and pH and requires appropriate nutrients and water. (Remember what happens to enzymes when they get too hot) |
| What are hormones? | Chemical messengers carried by the blood |
| What does the body do to return blood levels to normal if they are too high? | |
| What does the body do to return blood levels to normal if they are too low? | |
| What is diabetes? | A common disease in which a person has a high blood glucose level |
| How is type 1 diabetes caused? | The body not producing insulin |
| How is type 2 diabetes caused? | The body cells not properly responding to the insulin that is produced |
| How is diabetes diagnosed? | Test urine for glucose Test blood for higher than normal glucose levels |
| How is diabetes treated? | 1. Regular injections of insulin into the body. 2. Controlling the carbohydrate and fat content of a diet. 3. Possible transplant of pancreatic tissue. |
| Why is there a link between being overweight and having type 2 diabetes? | Too much carbohydrate and fat in the diet and lack of exercise |
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Image:
Skin (binary/octet-stream)
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1 - Hair 2 - Sweat pore 3 - Sweat duct 4 - Sweat gland 5 - Blood capillaries 6 - Erector muscle |
| What does your body do if you get too hot? | 1. The diameter of the blood vessels in the skin increases (get wider); more blood flows through them; more heat is lost from the skin surface. 2. Hair erector muscle relax; hair lies flat; less air is trapped next to the skin so more heat is lost. 3. Sweat is released from the sweat pores; body heat is used to evaporate the sweat. |
| What does your body do if you get too cold? | 1. The diameter of blood vessels in the skin decrease (they become narrow); less blood flows through them; less heat is lost from the skin surface. 2. Hair erector muscles contract; hair stands up; layer of warm air trapped next to the skin helps insulate heat in the body. 3. Heat is released as muscles in the body contract causing shivering. |
| What is negative feedback? | Any change from the balance in optimal internal conditions results in the body's hormonal and nervous system compensating for the change and restoring the balance. For example, blood glucose levels, thermoregulation |
| What are the short term effects of alcohol? | Slows down reactions as it is a depressant |
| What are the long term effects of alcohol? | Can become addicted or dependent on alcohol Physical damage: liver disease, circulatory, heart diseases |
| How can you test reaction time? | Do a ruler drop test (specified practical) |
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