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Description
Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why is digestion needed? | To breakdown large molecules into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed for use by body cells |
| What enzyme breaks down fats? | Lipase |
| What are fats broken down into? | Fatty acids and glycerol |
| What enzyme breaks down proteins? | Protease |
| What are proteins broken down into? | Amino acids |
| What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates? | Carbohydrase |
| What are carbohydrates broken down into? | Simple sugars |
| What enzyme breaks down starch? | Amylase |
| What is starch broken down into? | Glucose |
| How would you test for the presence of starch? | Use iodine - it would turn from a brown to blue/black colour |
| How would you test for the presence of glucose? | Benedict's reagent and heat - it would turn from a blue colour to brick red |
| How would you test for the presence of protein? | Biuret solution - will change from blue to violet |
| Label the parts of the digestive system. | 1. Mouth 2. Oesophagus 3. Stomach 4.Small intestine 5. Pancreas 6. Large intestine 7. Anus 8. Liver 9. Gall bladder |
| What is the role of the mouth? | Digestion starts here - teeth break down food into smaller pieces. This increases surface area for amylase to start breaking down starch. Saliva contains amylase and lubricates the food bolus. |
| What is the role of the stomach? | Contains protease to break down proteins. Also contains hydrochloric acid to aid digestion and kill microbes. |
| What is the role of the pancreas? | Secretes lipase, proteases and carbohydrases into the small intestine |
| What is the role of the small intestine? | Digests carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The digested molecules are absorbed across the villi of the small intestine. |
| What is the role of the large intestine? | Water is absorbed out of the remaining food to leave behind faeces. |
| What is the role of the liver? | Secretes bile (which is stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine when required) |
| Why is bile required? | 1. Bile emulsifies fat into smaller fat droplets. This increases the surface area for lipase to digest the fat. 2. Bile increases the pH in the small intestine to the optimum pH for enzyme acitivity. |
| How is food moved along the alimentary canal (through the digestive system)? | Peristalsis - muscles contract above the food bolus to push the food along |
| How is the small intestine adapted to absorb soluble subtances into the blood stream? | 1. Villi increase the surface area 2. Rich blood supply - maintains a concentration gradient |
| How does the body use fatty acids and glycerol? | For energy |
| How does the body use glucose? | For energy |
| How does the body use amino acids? | To build proteins in the body |
| Why is iron needed in the body? | For the production of haemoglobin |
| Why is vitamin C needed in the body? | To maintain healthy tissue |
| Why is fibre needed in the body? | Provides bulk in the digestive system (help to push food through) |
| What will happen if energy from food is taken in excess? | It will be stored as fat in the body and could lead to obesity |
| What happens if you have too much sugar? | Type 2 diabetes obesity Tooth decay |
| What happens if you have too much fat? | Obesity Heart disease Circulatory disease |
| What happens if you have too much salt? | High blood pressure |
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