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| Question | Answer |
| What does it mean for an organism to be adapted to an environment? | Being adapted to an environment means an organism has features that increases its chances of survival and reproduction, and also the chances of its offspring reproducing successfully |
| What are the 3 types of adaptations? | Behavioural Physiological Anatomical (structural) |
| Complete the sentence: Adaptations develop because of... | Evolution by natural selection |
| What are behavioural adaptations? | These are ways an organism acts that increases its chance of survival |
| Give two examples of behavioural adaptations | Possums sometimes 'play dead' Scorpions dance before mating |
| What are physiological adaptations? | These are processes inside an organism's body that increases its chance of survival |
| Give 2 examples of physiological adaptations | Brown bears hibernate (they lower their rate of metabolism over winter, conserving energy so they do not need to look for food in the months when it is scarce) Some bacteria produce antibiotics (these kill other species of bacteria in the area, meaning there is less competition) |
| What are anatomical adaptations? | These are structural features of an organism's body that increase its chance of survival |
| Give 2 examples of anatomical adaptations | Otters have a streamlined shape (making it easier to glide through the water) Whales have a thick layer of blubber (this helps to keep warm in the cold sea) |
| Complete the sentences: Organisms from different ___________ groups may have similar features even though they are not closely _________. This is usually because the organisms have evolved in similar ____________ and to fill similar ecological ___________. | Organisms from different TAXONOMIC groups may have similar features even though they are not closely RELATED. This is usually because the organisms have evolved in similar ENVIRONMENTS and to fill similar ecological NICHES. |
| What is convergent evolution? | When two species evolve similar characteristics independently of one another (because they have adapted to live in similar environments) |
| What are the 3 different groups of mammals? | Placental Marsupials Egg-laying monotremes |
| Where are marsupials found? | Mainly in Australia and the Americas |
| TRUE OR FALSE: The relationship between marsupial and placental mammals is an example of convergent evolution | TRUE Marsupials diverged from placental mammals many millions of years ago and have been evolving separately ever since |
| Compare the gestation period of marsupial and placental mammals | MARSUPIAL Short gestation period PLACENTAL Longer gestation period |
| What is the "gestation period"? | Pregnancy |
| Compare the development of placentae in marsupial and placental mammals | MARSUPIAL Do not fully develop a full placenta PLACENTAL Develop a placenta during pregnancy, which allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the foetus and the mother |
| Compare the birth of marsupial and placental mammals | MARSUPIAL Are born early in their development and climb into their mother's pouch. Here they become attached to a teat and receive milk while they continue to develop PLACENTAL Are born more fully developed |
| Complete the sentences: Most species of mole are __________ moles, but there are also two species of ________ mole. Marsupial moles and placental moles are not closely _________ - they evolved _______________ on different continents. | Most species of mole are PLACENTAL moles, but there are also two species of MARSUPIAL mole. Marsupial moles and placental moles are not closely RELATED - they evolved INDEPENDENTLY on different continents. |
| Marsupial and placental moles are not closely related, but the do share similar anatomical features. Why? | They evolved to live in similar environments. Both types of moles live in tunnels in the ground and they burrow to reach their food supply (e.g.earthworms, insects and other invertebrates) |
| Describe the adaptations of moles | Small or non-existent eyes as they do not need to be able to see underground No external ears, to keep a streamlined head for burrowing Scoop-shaped and powerful front paws, which are good for digging Claws that are specialised for digging A tube shaped body and cone shaped head, which makes it easier to push through sand or soil |
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