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| Question | Answer |
| List the sensory organs and the cranial nuclei of the vestibular system. | 1. superior vestibular nuclei 2. inferior vestibular nuclei 3. medial vestibular nuclei 4. lateral vestibular nuclei |
| Each vestibular labyrinth contains _____ semicircular canals for transducing head angular motions and ____ otoliths for transducing head linear motions. | 3 semicircular canal 2 otoliths |
| Two mechanisms of transduction initiation. | 1. inertia of endolymph in the semicircular canals 2. calcium carbonate crystals in the otoliths during head motions Both mechanisms deform the hair cells |
| Hair cells in semicircular canals are located in _________ of _______. | Capula in ampulla |
| Hair cells in otoliths are imbedded in ________. | macula. |
| Where are the 1st order cell bodies of vestibular system? | In the vestibular ganglion in the vestibular labyrinth. |
| Which CN does the vestibular branch belong to? | CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) |
| VOR in brief: | Turning head to L --> L vestibular nuclei activated --> via L MLF to L oculomotor nucleus --> activates R medial rectus and decussates to synapse with contralateral abducens nucleus --> L eye adducts while R eye abducts |
| Ascending vestibular tracts arise from | medial, superior, and inferior vestibular tracts |
| Where does the thalamocortical vestibular afferent synapse in CNS? | SI (BA3a) retroinsular cortex |
| Axons arising from neurons in the _____ and _______ vestibular nuclei form an ascending motor tract in the ____________ and synapse on __________to coordinate eye movements with head movements | Arising from: medial and superior vestibular nuclei. Motor tract in the MFL. Synapse on III, IV, VI |
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