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| Question | Answer |
| What is classification? | Classification is the act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences |
| What is taxonomy? | Taxonomy is the study of classification |
| TRUE OR FALSE: All types of classification systems involve placing organisms into groups in a taxonomic hierarchy | TRUE |
| Name the 8 levels of taxonomic groups | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| What is the nomenclature used for classification? | The binomial system - all organisms are given one internationally accepted scientific name in Latin that has two parts: The first part is the genus name and has a capital letter The second part is the species name and begins with a lower case letter |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Names are always written in italics | TRUE Or they are underlined if they are handwritten |
| What are the five kingdoms? | Prokaryotae Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia |
| What are the characteristics of prokaryotae? |
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
No nucleus
Less than 5µm
E.g. bacteria
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| What are the characteristics of protoctista? |
Eukaryotic
Usually live in water
Single-celled or simple multicellular
E.g. algae, protozoa
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| What are the characteristics of fungi? |
Eukaryotic
Chitin cell wall
Saprotrophic
Single-celled or multicellular
E.g. moulds, yeasts, mushrooms
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| TRUE OR FALSE: Fungi can absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms | TRUE Saprotrophic = absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms |
| What are the characteristics of plantae? |
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Photosynthesises
Contain chlorophyll
Autotrophic
E.g. mosses, ferns, flowering plants
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| What are the characteristics of animalia? |
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No cell walls
Heterotrophic
E.g. nematodes (roundworms), molluscs, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
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| What is phylogeny? | The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms. It tells us who is related to whole and how closely related they are |
|
What is this?
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A phylogenetic tree |
| Complete the sentences: According to phylogenetics, a species is the smallest group that shares a common ___________ - in other words, the _____ of a branch on a phylogenetic tree. Classification systems now take into account ___________ when arranging organisms into groups. Classifying organisms in this way is known as ________. | According to phylogenetics, a species is the smallest group that shares a common ANCESTOR - in other words, the END of a branch on a phylogenetic tree. Classification systems now take into account PHYLOGENY when arranging organisms into groups. Classifying organisms in this way is known as CLADISTICS. |
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