12127575
Description
Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Where does aerobic respiration take place? | All cells |
| What part of the cell carries out aerobic respiration? | Mitochondria |
| Aerobic respiration - what is missing? Oxygen + __________ ----> carbon dioxide + water | Glucose |
| Why does your heart rate increase when you exercise? | Your heart pumps blood around the body. The blood contains oxygen and glucose that the muscle cells need to carry out aerobic respiration. Your muscles need more oxygen and glucose to carry out a higher rate of respiration to produce enough energy for contraction. |
| Why does your body carry out anaerobic respiration? | When there is insufficient oxygen supply to your muscle cells. |
| Anaerobic respiration - what is missing? Glucose ----> ___________ + little energy | Lactic acid |
| Why is aerobic respiration better than anaerobic respiration? | Anaerobic respiration is the incomplete breakdown of glucose which results in less energy being produced. |
| Why is lactic acid harmful to your body? | Causes muscle fatigue |
| How is lactic acid neutralised? | Paying back the oxygen debt to oxidise the lactic acid. |
| Describe the pathway for air into the lungs. | 1. Through the nasal cavity or mouth 2. Down the trachea 3. Splits at the bronchi 4. Into the bronchioles 5. Into the alveoli where gas exchange will occur |
| What is the function of the mucus and cilia in the respiratory system? | Mucus and cilia help protect the respiratory system. Particles and bacteria stick to the mucus and cilia move the mucus out of the respiratory system to the back of the throat. |
| Describe the process of inspiration (inhaling). | Diaphragm contracts and flattens. Intercostal muscles contract causing ribs to expand. Volume inside chest increases. Pressure inside chest decreases. Air moves in. |
| Describe the process of expiration (exhaling). | Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Intercostal muscles relax causing ribs to move in and down. Volume inside chest decreases. Pressure inside chest increases. Air forced out. |
| What do the parts of the bell jar represent? | Glass tube - trachea Balloons - lungs Bell jar - ribs Rubber sheet - diaphragm |
| Why is the bell jar model not accurate? | It does not show the ribs moving It is not living tissue It does not have alveoli It does not have a blood supply |
| What is the composition of gases in inhaled air? | 79% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.04% Carbon dioxide |
| What is the composition of gases in exhaled air? | 79% Nitrogen 16% Oxygen 4% Carbon dioxide |
| What are the adaptations of the alveoli? | 1. Large surface area for diffusion 2. Thin wall - only one cell thick 3. Moist lining - allows oxygen to dissolve for quicker diffusion 4. Rich blood supply - to maintain the concentration gradient of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| What are the effects of smoking on the cilia and mucus? | Chemicals in the cigarette smoke paralyse the cilia and clog the mucus. |
| What is meant by the term carcinogen? | A cancer causing substance |
| Name a carcinogen in cigarettes | Tar |
| Why is smoking bad for your health? | Carcinogens can lead to lung cancer. Nicotine is addictive. Cigarette smoke destroys lung tissue which leads to emphysema. |
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