12127172
Description
Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How many pairs of chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a human? | 23 pairs (46) |
| Why do cells carry out mitosis? | For growth, replace worn out cells and repair damaged tissues |
| How many cells are produced in mitosis? | Two genetically identical daughter cells |
| What is DNA replication? | Where the chromosomes in the cell double in preparation for dividing. |
| Where does mitosis take place? | Body cells |
| Why do cells carry out meiosis? | For the formation of gametes (sex cells) |
| How many cells are produced in meiosis? | 4 genetically different daughter cells |
| Where does meiosis take place? | Sex organs (ovaries and testes) |
| What is meant by the term diploid? | The cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| What is meant by the term haploid? | The cell contains 23 chromosomes (half the number) |
| Which cells are haploid? | Sperm and egg cells (gametes) |
| What happens if mitosis is uncontrolled? | Cancer can occur |
| What are embryonic stem cells? | Cells that have the potential to become any type of cell. Once they have become specialised, they lose this ability. |
| What are adult stem cells? | Cells that can only differentiate into certain type of cells. Once they have become specialised, they lose this ability. |
| Why are stem cells being used in medicine? | They have the potential to repair or replace damaged tissue |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of embryonic stem cells? | Adv: Easy to extract from embryo Adv: Produce any type of cell Dis: Embryo destroyed when cells removed – some people think embryos have a right to life Dis: Body recognises the cells as ‘different’ and will reject them without use of drugs |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of adult stem cells? | Adv: No embryo destroyed so not an ethical issue Adv: If taken from the person to be treated, will not cause rejection by the body Dis: Difficult to find and extract from tissue Dis: Produce only a few types of cell |
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