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| Question | Answer |
| What are alleles? | Different versions of a certain gene |
| What are homologous chromosomes ? | Pairs of matching chromosomes (chromosomes are the same size and have the same genes) |
| Complete the sentence: Normal body cells have the _________ number (____) of chromosomes | Normal body cells have the DIPLOID number (2n) of chromosomes |
| Complete the sentence: Gametes have a ___________ number of chromosomes (__) | Gametes have a HAPLOID number of chromosomes (n) |
| What is the name for the diploid cell produced by fertilisation? | Zygote |
| What are the 8 steps of meiosis? | Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 |
| What happens during prophase 1? |
Chromosomes condense
Homologous chromosomes pair up
Crossing-over occurs
Centrioles move to poles
Nuclear envelope breaks down
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| What happens during metaphase 1? |
Homologous pairs line up at the equator
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres
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| What happens during anaphase 1? |
Spindles contract, pulling the pairs apart
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| What happens during telophase 1? |
Nuclear envelope forms
Cytokinesis occurs
2 haploid daughter cells produced
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| What happens during prophase 2? |
Centrioles move to poles (right-angle to the previous division)
Nuclear envelopes break down
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| What happens during metaphase 2? |
Chromosomes line up at equator
Spindles attach to centromeres
Image:
Image (binary/octet-stream)
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| What happens during anaphase 2? |
Spindles contract, pulling each sister chromatid to the poles
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| What happens during telophase 2? |
Nuclear envelope forms
Cytokinesis occurs
4 haploid daughter cells produced
Image:
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| How does genetic variation occur during meiosis? | Mutations Crossing-over of chromatids (same genes, different combinations of alleles), forming a chiasma Independent assortment of chromosomes |
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