11932736
Description
Flashcards by Tim Morris, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tim Morris
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are some benefits of a virtual environment | Expanded use of physical resources Reduced management and maintenance cost Increased availability of applications increased operational flexibility |
| Virtual Machine | Software representation of a physical computer and components |
| Virtual Machine components | Operating System VMware Tools CPU/Memory Network Adapters Disk/Controllers Parallel and serial ports |
| VMware Tools | Suite of utilities installed in OS of VM Improves performance and management of VM |
| Physical Machine Disadvantages | Difficult to move/copy Bound to specific set of hardware Short lifecycle Requires personal contact to upgrade |
| Advantages of Virtual Machines | Easy to move/copy Encapsulated into files independent of physical hardware Easy to manage Isolated from other VMs Insulated from physical hardware changes |
| Guest OS failure has no effect on following: | ability of users to access other VMs ability of operating VMs to access resources performance of other VMs |
| Software-Defined Data Center | All infrastructure is virtualized Control of data center is entirely automated by software |
| Hypervisor | Provides physical hardware resources dynamically to VMs as needed |
| Resource Sharing | With default setting, all VMs on host receive equal share of available resources |
| Cpu Contention | ESXi host time-slices physcial processors across all VMs so that each runs as if it has specified # of VCPUs |
| Virtualized memory | Contiguous addressable memory space created when VM started. Same properties as virtual address space. |
| Virtual Switch | Forwards frames at data link layer. Connects to external network via vmnics (virtual adapters). Can bind multiple vmnics together (teaming). Can be configured as access or trunk port |
| Virtual switch spanning tree (not required) | Single-tier topology enforced. Multiple vswitches cannot be interconnected. Traffic cannot flow from one vswitch to another on same switch |
| VMFS | High performance cluster file system designed for VMs. Distributed journaling of file system metadata changes. Fast/resilient recovery if hardware fails |
| VMFS foundation of distributed services such as | live migration dynamically balanced workloads across resources automated restart of vms fault tolerance |
| VMFS protocols | fibre channel fibre channel over ethernet iSCSI |
| virtual machine files are stored how? | vSphere encapsulates each VM into small files or objects. Each VM stored in separate folder on datastore |
| VMware Host Client | Introduced 6.0 U2 direct management of individual host in 6.5, replaces windows-based vSphere client Used when vCenter not available based on HTML5 |
| VMware vSphere Web Client | browser based fully extensible, platform dependent based on adobe flex All operations possible with web client https://vcenterappliancename/vsphere-client |
| What port does vsphere web client use? | port 9443 |
| vSphere client | New HTML5 based client Used along side web client Not yet fully featured https://your_vCSA/ui redirects to port 9443 no requirment for adobe flex same java server requirment as web client |
| Is the client integration plug-in required for vsphere web client? | No |
| What is Enhanced Authentication Plug-In? | web client dependency for Windows Session Authentication. Needs to be installed |
| VMware vSphere Auto Deploy | ESXi deployed directly to memory |
| ESXi install options | hard disk usb device SD card diskless (directly to memory) |
| ESXi Security | Host based firewall memory hardening Kernel module integrity Trusted platform module UEFI secure boot Lockdown modes |
| VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor) | The VMKernel (hypervisor) receives request from VMs for resources from the VMM and presents request to physical hardware. Each VM has its own dedicated VMM |
| What keystroke allows you to configure ESXi host via the console | F2 |
| DCUI | Direct Console User Interface Used to configure host |
| ESXi lockdown mode | Limits management of host to vCenter Server Enabled only for hosts managed by vCenter Set via DCUI |
| What's the default user name for ESXi admin | root |
| ESXi Security Profile | Enabled by default Firewall blocks incoming/outgoing except if enabled by security profile Can be modified with Security Profile panel in vSphere Web Client Some services can be managed by admin such as DCUI and NTP (start and stop manually with host) |
| ESXi Lockdown mode | prevents remote users from logging into host except from local console or authorized central mgmt (vCenter Server) Strict lockdown disables DCUI, preventing even root login |
| Normal lockdown mode | vCenter access only Only approved users w/admin access can use DCUI |
| Strict Lockdown | accessed only through vCenter Server. If SSH or vSphere ESXi Shell is enabled, running sessions for accounts in the DCUI.Access advanced option that have administrator privileges remain enabled. Sessions for users in the Exception Users list that have administrator privileges also remain enabled. All other DCUI sessions are terminated. |
| ESXi User Account Best Practices | root user account is the most powerful user account use VMware Host Client to connect directly to the ESXi host. avoid creating local users on the host. If possible, join the host to a Windows domain |
| NTP is important because it provides: | Accurate performance graphs accurate time stamps for logs VM time synch |
| Enable SSH on host | DCUI>System Customization>Troubleshooting Options>Enable SSH |
| vCenter Server Appliance | Pre-configured Linux baseeed VM optimized for running vCenter Server |
| vCenter Server components | vSphere Web Client/vSphere Client vCenter Server database Managed hosts vCenter Single sign-on Distributed services vMotion,vSphere DRS,vSphere HA Additional service: Update manager, vRealize orchestrator |
| Platform Services Controller (PSC) | Set of common infra services: single sign on license server lookup service certificate authority certificate store directory services |
| vCenter Server services | vCenter Server Web client update manager auto deploy dump collector syslog collector |
| Manage vCenter Service health | administration>deployment>system configurations>services |
| vCenter direct access to host via: | server agent named virtual provisioning X agent (vpxa). Process installed on host when added to vCenter inventory vCenter Service service (vpxd) communicates with ESXi host daemon (hostd) vpxd>vpxa>hostd |
| vpxa | Agent installed on host. Accepts commands from vpxd and communicates with hostd daemon. |
| vpxd | Service on vCenter server. Comm. with vpxa on host, which then comm. with hostd daemon |
| hostd | process runs directly on host responsible for managing most operations on host Aware of all vms, storage volumes and status of all vms |
| What port is used to communicate between vCenter server and host | TCP/UDP 902 |
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