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Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Plato (427-347 BCE) | Generally considered the greatest ancient philosopher, author of The Republic. |
| The Republic | Plato’s major work containing the Cave Analogy and Theory of Forms. |
| The Cave Analogy | Plato’s story symbolically illustrating the human condition. |
| The Forms | The pre-existing realities in a supersensible realm from which particular things on Earth gain their reality. |
| The Good | The ultimate source of all reality and goodness. Gives life to the forms and, via them, to particular things on Earth. |
| The Simile of the Sun | Plato says that the good cannot be defined, only symbolized. The Sun is the source of all life and goodness, so fits the bill. |
| The Divided Line | Plato’s attempt to give systematic form to his philosophy of knowledge, belief and levels of reality. |
| Knowledge (episteme) | An intellectual grasping of what is in the supersensible realm. |
| Opinion (doxa) | An intellectual grasping of what lies in the visible realm, or the realm of the five senses. |
| The Third Man Argument | Aristotle’s main argument against Plato’s Theory of Forms. |
| The Parmenides | A dialogue, written by Plato, between Socrates (Plato’s teacher) and the pre-Socratic philosopher, Parmenides. Parmenides asks whether even dirt has a form. |
| David Hume (1711-1776) | Hume said that facts and values are intrinsically different things. This has unfortunate implications for Plato’s Good. |
| The is/ ought gap | Hume’s claim that one can never derive an “ought” statement from and “is” statement (ie, that facts and values are intrinsically different things). |
| RM Hare (1919-2002) | A modern critic of Plato’s theory of Forms. He re-states Hume’s criticism. |
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