11131703
Description
Flashcards by Becky Green, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Becky Green
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| ANIMAL ETHICS AND WELFARE (IMPORTANT FIGURES) | By Becky Emma Green |
| ARISTOTLE (363-322 BC) | -Greek philosopher -Studied nature and hierarchy - Animals= higher than plants due to having an appetite - Humans=highest level of power due to speech and can make moral judgements |
| PYTHAGORAS (570-495 BC) | - Greek philosopher -All living organisms are 'kindred' connected beings - Vegetarian -Against animal sacrifice -Encouraged justice for animals -Theories= correction & instruction to prevent animal harm |
| THE ROMANS (753 BC-146 AD) | - Observed wild animals behaviour - importance of non-native from the empire -Famous for animal exploitation -Eating meat was a status symbol - Kept dogs for hunting, herding livestock and companionship |
| ST THOMAS EQUINAS (1225-74) | - Italian catholic philosopher -Animals are inferior to humans (cant reason) - God-Humans-Animals hierarchy - Each layer serves the one above |
| AUGUISTINE OF HIPPO (354-430) | - North African bishop - leader of the theory of human superiority - Believed animals exist to serve humans -Humans= rational beings -Animals= irrational beings - Taught humans to tame animals |
| RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) | - Fresh philosopher - Animal don't have souls= cant have conscious thoughts/feel pain -Humans= only conscious beings (experience pain, feelings) -Any reaction to stimulus was thought to be reflex not a cognitive response -Lead to exploitations and vivisections |
| JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) | - English philosopher and physician - First to carry out measureable studies of behaviour - all organisms are born in a blank non-cognitive state, gains complex cognition though experiences and events - Animals can experience memories - Animals have conscious feeling, unnecessary harm was morally wrong |
| IMMANUAL KANT (1724-1804) | - German philosopher - (Deontologist thinker) Humans are higher than animals - Believed humans should treat animals well and prevent cruelty - Animals are unable to make judgement, so their not part of the moral community |
| JEREMY BENTHAM (1748-1860) | - English philosopher - (Utilitarian thinker) the greatest utility to the greatest number of people - Animals can suffer= their wellbeing is relevant - Both humans and animals are sentient beings - Open discussions on animals in food, sport, and experimentation |
| CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) | - English naturalist and revolutionary thinker - Established evolution theory= humans and animals had common ancestors (physical and cognitive similarities) - 'On The Origins Of Species' (1859) - Highlighted 'non-uniqueness' of man to form cognitive function and consciousness - All abilities shared with animals (can feel pain) |
| JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873) | - English writer and campaigner for social reform and the treatment of animals - First to consider the issue of animal right exploitation - stated a limit point is animals remain secondary to humans - Argued against belief animals held more values than animals. |
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