10972048
Description
Flashcards by Alyssa Elligson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alyssa Elligson
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| David Milgaard Case | 1970- convicted of capital murder, sentenced to death 1992- court could not conclude beyond reasonable doubt that Milgaard was not guilty 1997- DNA testing proves Milgaard's innocence |
| Criminology | "body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon" -includes making, breaking and reacting of laws -the goal is scientific |
| Discipline of Criminology (6 areas) | 1. definition of crime & criminals 2. origins & role of the law 3. Social distribution of crime 4. causation of crime 5. patterns of criminal behaviour 6. societal reactions to crime |
| Biological Approaches | Cesare Lombroso & Positivist School argued criminality was a biological trait (born criminal) (some individuals have personality traits that predispose them to crime) |
| Psychological Approaches | *focus on individual criminal behaviour to predict risk of reoffending & evaluate effectiveness of treatment & rehabilitation |
| Sociological Approaches | focuses on social order and how social forces work to define crime & create the conditions in which it is able to flourish or diminish |
| Law/ Legal Studies | history of law is central to criminology by providing insight into the changing nature of crime and the appropriate responses to it |
| CPTED | Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design - approach that examines ways to increase natural surveillance |
| Geographic Profiling | studies urban environments and behaviours of serial predators to determine likely residence of a specific offender |
| Green Criminology | rooted in environmental & animal rights movements -calls for tighter animal cruelty laws |
| Terrorism | deliberate use or threat to use violence against civilians to attain political, ideological and religious goals |
| Surveillance Studies | -massive amounts of personal information are available -focus on personal information in order to influence, manage, or control those whose information is collected |
| Qualitative Research Methods | used by lawyers & sociologists ( semi-structured interviews with offenders, victims, police, field observations) |
| Quantitative Research Methods | used by psychologists & economists (numerical analysis or large data sets, mathematical, statistical, computational techniques) |
| Legal Definition of Crime | an act that violates criminal law & is punishable |
| Human Rights definition of Crime | if an act violated someone's rights to the necessities of life it is a crime |
| Consensus Crimes | almost everyone agrees they should be punished (most severe & harmful behaviours) e.g. Murder, arson, robbery, rape, etc. |
| Conflict Crimes | wrong by prohibition- e.g. drug & alcohol crimes |
| Social Diversions | not necessarily criminal but officially controlled (e.g. parking violations, trespassing) |
| Social deviations | violation of social norms (folkways) |
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