10654966
Description
Flashcards by Elizabeth Then, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elizabeth Then
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Stimulants | ADDICTIVE Natural-Cocaine, nicotine, caffeine Synthetic- Amphetamine |
| Cocaine effects wanted and unwanted | Wanted: increased energy, confidence, orgasmic unwanted: paranoia, depression, CV effects |
| Cocaine targets | DA and NA transporters (Inhibitor only) (MAO)- non-transported uptake inhibitors |
| Amphetamine wanted and unwanted effects | wanted: increased energy, confidence, loss of appetite Unwanted: anxiety, paranoia, CV effects (high BP) |
| Amphetamine targets: | DA and NA transporters, uptake and vesicular use VMAT, (MAO)- substrate-type releasers (Inhibitor and release) |
| Neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) | motor stimulation and reward |
| Neurotransmitter Noradrenaline (NA/NE) | cardiovascular stimulation |
| Hallucinogens | NOT ADDICTIVE Natural- mescaline cactus,mushroom psilocybin Synthetic-LSD |
| Hallucinogen action and targets | alter 5 HT pathway activity targets 5 HT receptors, MAO inhibitor, uptake transporter |
| Hallucinogen effects wanted and unwanted | wanted: increased energy, creative thinking, hallucinations unwanted: dizziness, paranoia, fear, panic, flashbacks, toxicity |
| MDMA ectasy mechanism of action | inhibit 5 HT transport, and releases 5 HT. inhibits MAO |
| MDMA unwanted effects | hyperthermia, coma, seizures, CV, increase BP, pulse, arrhythmias |
| Opioid mechanism | agonists at Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors, also partial agonists |
| Who uses/abuses opioids? | addicts on the streets, high functioning long-term users, health care professionals. pain patients |
| Heroin-illicit opioid | acute effects: relief of physical/emotional pain, sedation, euphoria, hypoventilation, pupil constriction, nausea, vomiting, decreased gut motility |
| Heroin mechanism of action | metabolised to morphine= long duration of action |
| Effects of heroin overdose | fatal, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, treat with naloxone |
| naloxone effects | antagonist which displaces opioids from receptor (strong binding, but no activation) |
| Chronic opioid use | tolerance, dependence withdrawal symptoms: anxiety, irritability, agression, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils |
| Opioid addiction | mild 2-3 symptoms, moderate 4-5 symptoms, severe 6 or more symptoms, taking in larger amounts, continued use |
| Treatment of opioid addiction | 1. manage detox, withdrawal 2. help with abstinence, reduce craving, reduce reward on relapse, prevent harm from continued use 3. help pt get life back on track, counselling, job etc |
| Chronic alcohol consumption | causes tolerance, decrease in activity of GABA, increase in glutamate activity, reduction in release of endorphins, dopamine. physical dependence |
| Chronic alcohol use withdrawal symptoms | tremor, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, headache, seizures, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, delirium |
| Chronic alcohol use: withdrawal management | long acting benzodiazepines-short time (abuse, potential), thiamine, counselling |
| Pharmacotherapies: acamprosate | restores balance and normal activity of glutamate and GABA systems, reduce symptoms of protracted withdrawal, but down not reduce symptoms of acute withdrawal 6-12 months |
| Pharmacotherapies: Naltrexone | opioid receptor antagonsit, blocks the pleasureab;e effects of endogenous opioids indirectly released by alcohol 3-6 months |
| Pharmacotherapies: Disulfiram | inhibition of hepatic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, increased acetaldehyde-aversive reaction on consuming alcohol-facial flushing, nausea, vomiting. 3-6 months, at last 48 hrs post ceasing alcohol |
| Pharmacoltherapies Nicotine (NRT) | chewing gum, lozenges, transdermal patches, inhaler, nasal spray useful of dependent patients, on nicotine poor compliance due to lower nicotine levels and slow onset of action contraindication: recent CV disease |
| Non- nicotine containing drugs | bupropion: anti depressant, NA, and DA reuptake inhibitor side effects: dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, tremor, excessive sweating |
| Non- nicotine containing drugs | Varenicline- nicotine receptor parital agonist side effects: nausea, abnormal dreams, constipation, abdominal pain |
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