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Memory

Description

Psychology
baach
Quiz by baach, updated more than 1 year ago
baach
Created by baach about 10 years ago
42
2
0

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Who invented the multi-store model?
Answer
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Milgram
  • Shea

Question 2

Question
What does the multi-store model suggest?
Answer
  • memory consists of a central executive which controls and coordinates the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketch pad.
  • Memory is made up of a series of stores

Question 3

Question
In the multi-store model, Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the...
Answer
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long-term memory

Question 4

Question
In the multi-store model, after information enters the sensory memory; if attended to this information enters the...
Answer
  • short term memory
  • long-term memory
  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
  • phonological loop

Question 5

Question
In the multi-store model, if information from the STM is is rehearsed it's transferred to the...
Answer
  • sensory memory
  • long-term memory
  • articulatory control process

Question 6

Question
In the multi-store model, If rehearsal does not occur, then information is...
Answer
  • Remembered in STM
  • Forgotten
  • Remembered in LTM

Question 7

Question
In the multi-store model, what is the duration of sensory memory?
Answer
  • 1/4 to 1/2 second
  • 1/5 to 1 second

Question 8

Question
In the multi-store model what is the duration of Short Term Memory?
Answer
  • 0-10 seconds
  • 0-18 seconds
  • 5 minutes

Question 9

Question
In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the Short Term Memory?
Answer
  • 7 +/- 2 items
  • 10+/-3 items
  • 2+/-3 items

Question 10

Question
In the multi-store model, how is information encoded in the STM?
Answer
  • mainly auditory
  • mainly semantic

Question 11

Question
In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the LTM?
Answer
  • Unlimited
  • 100 items
  • 200 items

Question 12

Question
In the multi-store model, what is the duration of the LTM?
Answer
  • 30 minutes
  • Unlimited
  • 4 hours
  • 20 hours

Question 13

Question
In the multi-store model, how is information ended in the LTM?
Answer
  • mainly auditory
  • mainly semantic (but can be visual and auditory)

Question 14

Question
What are strengths of the multi-store model?
Answer
  • The model can account for primacy & recency effects.
  • Applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The model is influential as it has generated a lot of research into memory.
  • The model makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The model is supported by studies of amnesiacs: For example the HM case study.
  • Supported by dual task studies.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention

Question 15

Question
What are weaknesses of the multi-store model?
Answer
  • The model is oversimplified, both short-term and long-term memory are more complicated that previously thought.
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does. The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • The model suggests rehearsal helps to transfer information into LTM but this is not essential.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.
  • The models main emphasis was on structure and tends to neglect the process elements of memory (e.g. it only focuses on attention and rehearsal).

Question 16

Question
Who invented the working memory model?
Answer
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Milgram

Question 17

Question
What does the working memory model say?
Answer
  • Instead of all information going into one single store, there are different systems for different types of information.
  • Memory is made up of a series of stores.

Question 18

Question
What is the Central Executive?
Answer
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Question 19

Question
What is the Central Executive?
Answer
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Question 20

Question
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Answer
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form, used for navigation.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems.

Question 21

Question
What is the phonological loop?
Answer
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number.
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Question 22

Question
What was the aim of Baddeley and Hitch's study (1976)?
Answer
  • To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.
  • To investigate if people would obey authority and shock people to a harmful shock that would kill them.
  • To investigate if participants can use two parts of their brain at the same time.

Question 23

Question
Participants were asked to perform two tasks at the same time (dual task technique) - a digit span task which required them to repeat a list of numbers, and a verbal reasoning task which required them to answer true or false to various questions (e.g. B is followed by A?). Who conducted this experiment?
Answer
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Harry Harlow

Question 24

Question
What is the episodic buffer?
Answer
  • Acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long term memory and the components of working memory.
  • Linked to speech perception Holds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds.
  • Linked to speech production. Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.

Question 25

Question
What are strengths of the working memory model?
Answer
  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The HM case study.
  • The KF Case Study.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Question 26

Question
What are strengths of the working memory model?
Answer
  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The HM case study.
  • The KF Case Study.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Question 27

Question
What are weaknesses of the working memory model?
Answer
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.
  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory
  • The model is oversimplified.
  • Neglects the process elements of memory.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Question 28

Question
What are weaknesses of the working memory model?
Answer
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.
  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory
  • The model is oversimplified.
  • Neglects the process elements of memory.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Question 29

Question
Who investigated the capacity of short term memory?
Answer
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Miller
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