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Chapter 4 Quiz: The Industrial Revolution

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College HIS 127 Quiz on Chapter 4 Quiz: The Industrial Revolution, created by Sarahy Perez on 12/10/2022.
Sarahy Perez
Quiz by Sarahy Perez, updated more than 1 year ago
Sarahy Perez
Created by Sarahy Perez over 1 year ago
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Question 1

Question
How do historians define the cult of true womanhood?
Answer
  • It treated men and women as complete opposites, with no common traits.
  • It applied Enlightenment values to define women as men's equal.
  • It emphasized the submission of children to parental dominance.
  • It was drawn from Old Testament law.

Question 2

Question
What was unique about the mid-nineteenth century magazine Godey's Lady's Book?
Answer
  • The magazine's female editor was a rare northerner who defended slavery.
  • The magazine, funded by the Baptist church, encouraged women to become missionaries.
  • The magazine was a failure since it only catered to women's interests.
  • The magazine's female editor promoted the ideology of true womanhood.

Question 3

Question
How did the Lowell factory system change after the Panic of 1837?
Answer
  • The women workers unionized and successfully protested to win higher wages and shorter working hours.
  • Many young women at Lowell got pregnant, causing farm families to stop allowing daughters to work in the factories.
  • The families of the mill girls needed additional help on the farm to make ends meet and demanded their daughters return home.
  • Factory owners increased the pace of work, cut wages, and began to hire immigrants to replace the farm girls.

Question 4

Question
What was a unique feature of the Lowell system?
Answer
  • Machines were used to spin and weave cloth, revolutionizing the making of textiles.
  • British families were imported to staff the factories because of their experience working with textiles.
  • Factory workers spun cotton into thread, which was woven by women working in their homes.
  • Young farm girls were employed as factory workers and lodged in company boardinghouses.

Question 5

Question
What was one important impact of the ending of the transatlantic slave trade in 1808?
Answer
  • Contributed to the decline of slavery in the southern United States
  • Lowered the value of slaves throughout the United States
  • Spurred a massive internal commerce in slaves within the United States
  • Made southern slaveowners aware of the need to keep families together

Question 6

Question
How did participation of married women and unmarried women in the industrial workforce differ in the early 1800s?
Answer
  • Married women were paid higher wages because they had a family to provide for.
  • Parents did not permit daughters to work in factories, preferring they stay home producing piecework.
  • Limited by childrearing needs, married women remained home-based industrial workers much longer.
  • Unmarried women supplemented their wages with overtime, which married women could not do.

Question 7

Question
Why did immigrant women prefer to be factory workers rather than domestic servants?
Answer
  • Wages as a domestic servant were far lower than those of factory workers.
  • When the workday was over at the factory, a woman's time was her own.
  • The work in the factory was much easier than the work of a domestic servant.
  • Factory work was steadier and offered a chance to become a manager.

Question 8

Question
How were slave women's lives different from those of slave men?
Answer
  • Slave women were released from all labor when they became pregnant.
  • Slave women were never sold away from their children.
  • Slave women who gave birth to a slaveowner's child were usually given their freedom.
  • Slave women's sexual vulnerabilities were often exploited by slaveowners.

Question 9

Question
The nineteenth-century ideology of true womanhood
Answer
  • primarily reflected the lives of rural white women.
  • was imposed upon unwilling women by male authorities.
  • was considered universal despite class and regional differences.
  • was an outmoded holdover from the prerevolutionary era.

Question 10

Question
According to proponents of true womanhood, what was women's most important vocation, from which flowed her other special qualities?
Answer
  • Motherhood
  • Religious activism
  • Nursing
  • Teaching

Question 11

Question
For American women caught up in the Second Great Awakening, the revivals often served as
Answer
  • the first step in a process of formal theological education.
  • a reminder that men must take the lead in church life.
  • an opportunity to express themselves outside the home in ways usually not permitted.
  • a chance to stay home while the men attended the religious events.

Question 12

Question
Catherine Beecher's book A Treatise on Domestic Economy taught that
Answer
  • women should work hard to bring an end to slavery in the South.
  • women should be subordinate to and defer to their husbands.
  • the woman's sphere was equal in importance to any task a man might perform.
  • women were better at math and would make better household economists than men.

Question 13

Question
With the rise of the market economy in the early nineteenth century, men's work moved outside the home, and women's domestic work became
Answer
  • easier due to the increased availability of electrical appliances.
  • less visible due to the increased perception that only remunerated labor had value.
  • more difficult due to the increased demands placed on them.
  • less of a priority for women because of their increased civic responsibilities.

Question 14

Question
The Irish were one of the few immigrant groups in American history in which
Answer
  • more men than women emigrated to the United States.
  • most immigrants were middle-class farmers who continued farming in the United States.
  • Protestant immigrants outnumbered Catholic immigrants.
  • the number of women roughly equaled that of men.

Question 15

Question
Which of the following ideologies best reflects southern society in the antebellum period?
Answer
  • There was a distinction between public and private spheres as well as between work and family roles.
  • Southern white women were supposed to be submissive to their husbands, who defended their honor and virtue.
  • Southern white women were to be ready to work in the fields if necessary, as the highest value of their society was labor.
  • Southern white women generally had more formal education than northern white women because they had to teach the slaves.

Question 16

Question
Who managed household slave work and the feeding, clothing, and doctoring of the entire labor force on southern plantations?
Answer
  • The plantation master
  • The slave nurse
  • The headman, or head slave
  • The plantation mistress

Question 17

Question
What work did the majority of slave women in the South do?
Answer
  • Domestic work
  • Field work
  • Nursing work
  • Craft work

Question 18

Question
One reason Native peoples in the South were displaced in the early nineteenth century was that
Answer
  • they refused to adapt to white cultural norms.
  • groups of Native peoples continually rose up against innocent whites.
  • some Cherokees became slaveholders.
  • Native lands were valuable for growing cotton and tobacco.

Question 19

Question
Which occupation became overwhelmingly female in the nineteenth century?
Answer
  • Writing
  • Nursing
  • Teaching
  • Weaving

Question 20

Question
The early nineteenth-century notion that a true woman was pure meant that she was inherently uninterested in what aspect of life?
Answer
  • Politics
  • Secular matters
  • Sexual expression
  • Social problems

Question 21

Question
By the 1830s, Protestant women's organizations were sending money to
Answer
  • free slaves in the South.
  • church missions throughout Asia and Africa.
  • foundations in northern cities that rescued women from prostitution.
  • Catholic soup kitchens that fed the urban poor.

Question 22

Question
What was the most burdensome domestic chore in middle-class antebellum households?
Answer
  • Laundry
  • Cooking
  • Spinning and weaving
  • Cleaning

Question 23

Question
To help weather unstable industrial depressions, middle-class women were expected to
Answer
  • take in boarders to help cover household expenses and to teach young people morality.
  • hire fewer servants and do more of the household chores themselves.
  • save money by producing their own cloth by spinning and weaving.
  • sharpen their household management skills.

Question 24

Question
What was one reason textile manufacturers hired women?
Answer
  • Textile manufacturers believed that women were reliable employees.
  • Spinning fiber for cloth had been the traditional work of women.
  • Women were less likely to refuse to work with African Americans.
  • Many believed that it was now more acceptable for women to work outside the home.

Question 25

Question
What problem stood in the way of the plan for the Lowell textile factories to hire New England farm girls?
Answer
  • Parents worried about their daughters living far from home and without their supervision.
  • The girls were not very dedicated to the job and usually left after a few months.
  • Farm girls refused to work unless the factory owners agreed to an eight-hour workweek.
  • Society disapproved of the idea of farm girls working in dark factories.

Question 26

Question
Read the following excerpt and then choose the statement that best applies. Mary Boykin Chestnut: Slavery a Curse to any Land I wonder if it be a sin to think slavery a curse to any land. Sumner said not one word of this hated institution which is not true. Men & women are punished when their masters & mistresses are brutes & not when they do wrong-& then we live surrounded by prostitutes. An abandoned woman is sent out of any decent house elsewhere. Who thinks any worse of a Negro or Mulatto woman for being a thing we can't name. God forgive us, but ours is a monstrous system & wrong & iniquity. Perhaps the rest of the world is as bad. This is only what I see: like the patriarchs of old, our men live all in one house with their wives & their concubines, & the Mulattos one sees in every family exactly resemble the white children-& every lady tells you who is the father of all the Mulatto children in everybody's household, but those in her own, she seems to think drop from the clouds or pretends so to think-. Good women we have, but they talk of nastiness tho they never do wrong; they talk day & night of -. My disgust sometimes is boiling over-but they are, I believe, in conduct the purest women God ever made. Thank God for my countrywomen-alas for the men! No worse than men everywhere, but the lower their mistresses, the more degraded they must be. Source: Mary Boykin Chestnut, A Diary form Dixie (1905; repr., Boton: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 21.
Answer
  • Mary Boykin Chestnut admits that slaveowner’s wives were aware of that their husbands fathered some of the enslaved children on their plantations.
  • Mary Boykin Chestnut argues that only Southern men are at fault for the cruelty of slavery.
  • Historians could use this document to explore how slaveowners felt about the northern factory workers.
  • This document was written by a northern abolitionist who was criticizing slavery.

Question 27

Question
Read the following excerpt and then choose the statement that best applies. Mary Boykin Chestnut: Slavery a Curse to any Land I wonder if it be a sin to think slavery a curse to any land. Sumner said not one word of this hated institution which is not true. Men & women are punished when their masters & mistresses are brutes & not when they do wrong-& then we live surrounded by prostitutes. An abandoned woman is sent out of any decent house elsewhere. Who thinks any worse of a Negro or Mulatto woman for being a thing we can't name. God forgive us, but ours is a monstrous system & wrong & iniquity. Perhaps the rest of the world is as bad. This is only what I see: like the patriarchs of old, our men live all in one house with their wives & their concubines, & the Mulattos one sees in every family exactly resemble the white children-& every lady tells you who is the father of all the Mulatto children in everybody's household, but those in her own, she seems to think drop from the clouds or pretends so to think-. Good women we have, but they talk of nastiness tho they never do wrong; they talk day & night of -. My disgust sometimes is boiling over-but they are, I believe, in conduct the purest women God ever made. Thank God for my countrywomen-alas for the men! No worse than men everywhere, but the lower their mistresses, the more degraded they must be. Source: Mary Boykin Chestnut, A Diary form Dixie (1905; repr., Boton: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 21.
Answer
  • Mary Boykin Chestnut argues that slavery is a positive good to Southern society.
  • A historian could use this document to prove that Southern women were unaware of the cruelties of slavery.
  • This document was written as a public document to be published in a local paper.
  • Mary Boykin Chestnut argues that the slavery is a “monstrous system.”
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