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SAM I Neurology Practice Questions

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SAM neurology Practice Questions. These are student written questions and need to be used as such. Do not assume all answers are correct or that all questions are relevant for the exam.
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Quiz by curfman.melissa, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by curfman.melissa over 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which of the following statements about fibrocartilaginous emboli is INCORRECT?
Answer
  • Clinical signs develop slowly over days to weeks
  • FCE mostly occurs in large breed dogs and rarely in cats
  • The condition is usually non-painful
  • Diagnosis is by exclusion of other possible causes of clinical signs
  • Surgery is of no benefit and only supportive medical therapy is indicated

Question 2

Question
Which of the following not a sign that the UMN is involved in a lesion?
Answer
  • Paralysis
  • Hyporeflexia or areflexia
  • Normal or hyperreflexia
  • Normal to increased muscle tone
  • Minimal muscle atrophy

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is not associated with a LMN lesion?
Answer
  • Potential paralysis/paresis
  • Increased muscle tone
  • Hyporeflexia or Areflexia
  • Potentially severe muscle atrophy
  • Markedly dilated bladder

Question 4

Question
A dog comes in with paralysis of all four limbs, which part of the neurological exam may be excluded?
Answer
  • Extensor carpi radialis flexor withdrawal reflex may be excluded due to the paralysis
  • Cranial tibial flexor withdrawal reflex may be excluded due to the paralysis
  • Perineal Reflex may be excluded due to the complete paralysis
  • Postural reactions may be excluded
  • None, all parts of the neurological exam must be performed for a full assessement

Question 5

Question
A lesion at C6-T2 would show which of the following?
Answer
  • LMN signs in one or both of the forelimbs and UMN signs in the hindlimbs and bladder
  • Normal innervation signs of both the upper and lower limbs
  • Normal innervation of forelimbs with UMN signs seen caudal to T2
  • LMN signs of all four limbs
  • UMN signs of all four limbs

Question 6

Question
A lesion between C1 and C5 would show which of the following?
Answer
  • Upper signs in all four limbs
  • Normal forelimbs and UMN signs in hindlimbs
  • Normal forelimbs and LMN signs in hindlimbs
  • LMN signs in forelimbs and UMN signs in hindlimbs
  • No abnormal UMN or LMN signs in any limbs

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Answer
  • Peripheral nerve injury of one limb quickly resolves with no signs of previous injury.
  • Decreased reflexes of the affected limb are seen with peripheral nerve injury.
  • Glucocorticoids can be given to decrease inflammation at sight of injury
  • Amputation of a limb affected by peripheral nerve damage may still be the end result even with diligent owners.
  • LMN signs of affected limb are seen with peripheral nerve injuries

Question 8

Question
Which of the following is INCORRECT with regards to brachial plexus avulsion?
Answer
  • Brachial plexus avulsion can occur spontaneously without any history indicating a potential cause
  • Brachial plexus avulsion can include any or all nerve roots between C6 and T2 and may also involve the dorsal roots
  • Damage to nerve roots C8 and T1 leads to denervation of the extensors and flexors of the elbow and carpus
  • C6 and C7 damage leads to denervation of the extensors and flexors of the shoulder
  • Brachial plexus avulsion can result in Horner's syndrome.

Question 9

Question
Neuropraxia is defined as...?
Answer
  • A full degeneration of nerves with remnants of the myelin sheath remaining
  • A condition due to a loss of blood supply, pressure from the weight of an animal during anesthesia or a tourniquet.
  • Degeneration of axons but endoneurium and Schwann cells remain intact which allows axon regeneration at 1mm/day and return to function
  • Complete severance of a nerve and degeneration of the distal portion of Schwann cells

Question 10

Question
Which of the following is INCORRECT with regards to nerve root/peripheral nerve neoplasia?
Answer
  • A history of slowly progressive monoparesis with "root signs" is highly suggestive of neoplasia
  • Nerve sheath tumors can occur in any spinal or cranial nerve
  • Nerve sheath tumors only occur in the caudal cervical area and are associated with the brachial plexus
  • Advanced diagnostic techniques can be used to identify the site of the tumor but a definitive diagnosis is made using histopathology of samples collected during surgery.
  • Although surgical removal is the best available treatment for all tumors it can result in further loss of function.

Question 11

Question
Which of the following are CORRECT in regards to Fibrocartilaginous emboli (FCE)?
Answer
  • There are a variety of possible emboli including fat, septic-type, thrombi in cats with HCM etc although fibrocartilaginous emboli are the most common cause of spinal cord injuries.
  • The condition is uncommon in large breed dogs with Miniature Schnauzers being the most affected breed
  • FCEs are only seen as a congenital defect in the very young
  • FCEs are extremely painful to the patient and sedation may be necessary
  • The condition is rare in cats where it occurs in the C6-T2 region and associated with exercise.

Question 12

Question
Which of the following shows the steps to a neural evaluation in the correct order?
Answer
  • Observation of posture and gait, Palpation of muscular skeletal system, Evaluation of sensation, Evaluation of cranial nerves, Evaluation of spinal nerves, Evaluation of postural reactions
  • Observation of mental status, Palpation of muscular skeletal system, Evaluation of postural reactions, Evaluation of cranial nerves, Evaluation of spinal nerves, Evaluation of sensation
  • Observation of mental status, Palpation of muscular skeletal system, Evaluation of cranial nerves, Evaluation of postural reactions, Evaluation of spinal nerves, Evaluation of sensation
  • Observation of posture and gait, Palpation of muscular skeletal system, Evaluation of sensation, Evaluation of postural reactions, Evaluation of cranial nerves, Evaluation of spinal nerves

Question 13

Question
Evaluation of mental status based lesion of the thalamocortex is best obtained from:
Answer
  • Patient/Client History
  • Patient Physical exam
  • Patient Neural exam
  • Research and experimental information

Question 14

Question
Which of the following is mismatched?
Answer
  • Perineal Reflex : Perineal nerve
  • Patellar Reflex : Femoral nerve
  • Cranial Tibial Reflex : Sciatic nerve
  • Flexor Withdrawal Reflex : Femoral and Sciatic nerves
  • Flexor Withdrawal Reflex : Musculocutaneous, Median, and Ulnar nerves

Question 15

Question
What is the other spinal reflex that is usually tested for that was not named in the previous question?
Answer
  • Brachialis reflex
  • Tricipital reflex
  • Gastrocnemius reflex
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Reflex

Question 16

Question
A five month old male neutered stegosaurus is brought into your clinic. The client complains his pet took a tumble down the stairs and hasn't been acting right since. Upon examination, you find the animal is very aware of you and its surroundings. You don't even have to touch the hind limbs to instigate a reflex from them, but the reflexes on the front limbs are very small if even present. While palpating on a physical exam, you squeeze the abdomen and some urine comes shooting out. Where is the lesion located?
Answer
  • Not enough information has been given
  • Brain
  • C1-C6
  • C7-T2
  • T3-L3
  • L4-S3
  • S3 and caudally

Question 17

Question
Which of the following animals is least likely to get Vegetative Endocarditis?
Answer
  • 3 year old male Boxer
  • 4 year old female GSD
  • 7 year old male Irish Wolf Hound
  • 10 year old male DSH

Question 18

Question
Which of the following is a way to treat vegetative endocardiosis?
Answer
  • Digoxin + Mexilitene
  • Beta blockers + hypertonic fluid therapy
  • high long doses of bactericidal antibiotics
  • overdose of barbituates/euthanol

Question 19

Question
The signs of Glomerulonephritis and Proteinuria in Heartworm Disease is most likely caused by:
Answer
  • dead worms
  • released growth factors by damaged vessel walls
  • Wolbachia organisms
  • Melarsomine treatments

Question 20

Question
Which of the following is not an effect of combing an Ivermectin prophylaxis with Doxycycline?
Answer
  • reduces lung pathology
  • strengthens reachback effect
  • decreases resistance
  • lowers the reduction rate in worms when combined with Melarsomine
  • all of the above

Question 21

Question
A werewolf comes into your practice complaining of being short of breath, especially when exercising (he can talk because, you know, he’s a werewolf). During your history taking you ask if he’s been taking his heartworm preventative. He gives a long pause before saying “yes” while not making eye contact with you. You decide to administer a concentration test, which comes up negative, and an antibody test, which comes up positive. WTF is going?
Answer
  • The concentration test gave a false negative because this could be an occult infection.
  • The antibody test gave a false positive and this could be allergies.
  • There are no microfilaria or worms but the antibody test came up positive because he could have received adulticide treatment less than 24 weeks ago.
  • All of the above are possibilities

Question 22

Question
Which of the following is not matched correctly to its definition?
Answer
  • Neuropraxia – nerve damage caused by a lack of blood supply, mild
  • Axonotmesis – nerve damage but the cell bodies are still active and can regrow
  • Neurotmesis – nerve damage that is permanent because the axon is completely severed and separated from the cell body and schwanns
  • All of the above are correct

Question 23

Question
A Saber Tooth Tiger comes into your practice hunched and with its back legs positioned with the whole hock to the ground. What is this?
Answer
  • Sciatic sign
  • Radial nerve paralysis
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Root sign

Question 24

Question
What is the number one concern of paralysis of a limb?
Answer
  • Infection
  • Muscle Atrophy
  • Self Mutilation
  • EMG changes

Question 25

Question
Lion-O, leader of the Thunder Cats!, comes into your office. His left eye is enophthalmotic, mitotic, ptotic, and the third eye lid is prolapsed. Where could his lesion be?
Answer
  • Oculomotor Nerve
  • T1
  • Trigeminal Nerve
  • Both Oculomotor Nerve and T1
  • Both Oculomotor nerve and Trigeminal nerve

Question 26

Question
A wiener dog presenting with front limb monoparesis, atrophy of the supraspinous muscle, and hyperpathia on palpation of its left front limb. On a myelogram, you see a golf-tee sign. What is the best course of treatment for this disease?
Answer
  • Surgical resection
  • Radiation
  • Chemotherapy
  • Cage rest

Question 27

Question
A 7 year-old cat is presented with miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, and protruded nictitating membrane involving the right eye. These symptoms are caused by damage to which one of the following innervation pathways?
Answer
  • Right sympathetic innervation to the eye
  • Right parasympathetic innervation to the eye
  • Left oculomotor innervation to the eye
  • Right trigeminal innervation to the eye
  • Left vagal innervation to the eye
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