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GEGE2001 Week 03 (L05 & L06)

Description

L05 - Mutation and repair: - Errors and repair; - Types of mutations; - Consequences of mutation L06 - Mutation and phenotypic variation: - Phenotypic differences can be obtained by: * Adding sequences to the genome; * Changing sequences or gene expression; * Changing the environment
Michael Jardine
Quiz by Michael Jardine, updated more than 1 year ago
Michael Jardine
Created by Michael Jardine over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
(from end of L05 slides) In a particular cell, a non Watson-Crick base pair (T-G) is formed during DNA replication. What is likely to happen next?
Answer
  • Polymerase *probs* removes it, often via 3' exonuclease activity
  • Polymerase *probs* removes it, often via 5' exonuclease activity
  • Polymerase *probs* removes it, often via 3' endonuclease activity
  • Polymerase *probs* removes it, often via 5' endonuclease activity

Question 2

Question
(from end of L05 slides) How does a frameshift mutation differ from a missense mutation?
Answer
  • Missense affects many codons; Frameshift mutation does not.
  • Frameshift affects many codons; Missense mutation does not.
  • Frameshift affects many codons; Missense mutation only affects 3.
  • Missense affects many codons; Frameshift mutation only affects 3.

Question 3

Question
(from end of L05 slides) Did the fluctuation test show that bacterial cells induce mutation upon exposure to the selective agent (viral infection)? Explain. (well, don’t explain *here*, but be ready to)
Answer
  • No.
  • Yes.

Question 4

Question
DNA is replicated in:
Answer
  • S phase
  • M phase
  • G phase
  • Cytokinesis
  • Telekinesis

Question 5

Question
UV:
Answer
  • light has HIGH energy
  • light has LOW energy
  • damage forms a join between two adjacent bases, usually Thymine (forming a Thymine dimer)
  • damage forms a join between two adjacent bases, usually Cytosine (forming a Cytosine dimer)
  • damage forms a join between two adjacent bases, usually Adenosine (forming a Adenosine dimer)
  • damage forms a join between two adjacent bases, usually Guanine (forming a Guanine dimer)
  • damage forms a join between two adjacent bases, usually Adenine (forming a Adenine dimer)

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA mutation (necessarily)?
Answer
  • Indels
  • Incels
  • Transitions
  • Transversions

Question 7

Question
Types of mutations AT THE PROTEIN-CODING LEVEL. Fill in the blanks: Silent mutation: [blank_start]________________[blank_end]; Missense mutation: [blank_start]________________[blank_end]; Nonsense mutation: [blank_start]________________[blank_end]; Frameshift [blank_start]________________[blank_end].
Answer
  • bp change, NO amino acid sequence change
  • bp change, amino acid change
  • bp change, early stop codon
  • 1bp+ indel, alters reading frame

Question 8

Question
UV repair in humans is through:
Answer
  • Nucleotide excision repair
  • Enzyme photolyase

Question 9

Question
A mutation resulting in COPY NUMBER VARIATION can vary between identical twins. Therefore it happens during:
Answer
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
  • Both of the above
  • None of the above

Question 10

Question
What does the image above show?
Image:
Gege Week 03 1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Gene expression of different members of a gene family varying in different parts of the same plant
  • Gene expression of different members of a gene family varying in different stages of the same plant's development

Question 11

Question
(from end of L06 slides) Variation in gene regulation = mutations that alter the amount of protein product, without a chance in the amino acid sequence. Basically a regulatory mutation. This can be in which of the following:
Answer
  • promoters
  • introns
  • 5’-UTR
  • 3’-UTR
  • exons
  • 5’-URT
  • 3’-URT

Question 12

Question
Blonde vs brown-hair is an example of variation in:
Answer
  • gene expression
  • aa sequence
  • gene splicing

Question 13

Question
(from end of L06 slides) Define a gene family:
Answer
  • A set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene
  • A set of several copies of identical genes, responsible for varying levels of a single trait

Question 14

Question
(from end of L06 slides) What is a pseudogene?
Answer
  • A non-functional copy of a gene including a regulatory mutation that prevents its expression
  • A non-functional copy of a gene including a premature stop codon within the gene that prevents its expression

Question 15

Question
(from end of L06 slides) What are the 2 most likely sources of phenotypic and genomic variation between individuals within a species? (…excluding environmental factors for some reason)
Answer
  • Variation in amino acid sequences
  • Regulatory sequences
  • Variation in gene number
  • Variation in splicing
  • Novel genes
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