Periodic Table Groups Mind Map

Description

We begin our learning series on the Periodic Table with this overview mind map which presents Groups 0,1 and 7 and explores their properties and uses.
Niamh Ryan
Mind Map by Niamh Ryan, updated more than 1 year ago
Niamh Ryan
Created by Niamh Ryan about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Periodic Table Groups Mind Map
  1. Group 1: Alkali Metals
    1. Properties:
      1. React with oxygen to form oxides

        Annotations:

        • \[4Li + 0_2 -> 2li_20\]
        1. Shiny when freshly cut but tarnish rapidly in moist air
        2. React with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas
          1. Alkali metal + water -> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gas

            Annotations:

            •  \[2Li + 2 H_2O -> 2LiOH + H_2\]
          2. React with chlorine and bromine to form chlorides and bromides

            Annotations:

            • \[2Li+Cl_2->2LiCl\]
            1. colourless, crystal salts
            2. Become more reactive as the group is descended
              1. Why?
                1. Octet rule: When placing electrons in orbits, the electron configuration with a full outer shell is preferable
                  1. In a reaction with a non-metal, an alkali metal loses the single electrons in its outermost shell
                    1. Moving down the group, the atom gets bigger and electrons feel less attraction from the nucleus
                      1. Giving away the outermost electron becomes easier and hence the elements become more reactive
              2. Low melting point
                1. Soft
                  1. Easily cut
                  2. Can be identified using flame tests
                    1. Lithium
                      1. Crimson red
                      2. Sodium
                        1. Orange
                        2. Potassium
                          1. Lilac
                      3. Group 7: Halogens
                        1. Properties
                          1. All exist as diatomic molecules
                            1. Density, boiling point and melting point increase moving down the group
                              1. React with metals to form salts

                                Annotations:

                                •  \[Cl_2 +Mg -> MgCl_2\] \[F_2 + 2Na -> 2NaF\]
                                1. These salts have many uses
                                  1. NaCl - Table salt
                                    1. NaBr - Disinfectant for pools
                                  2. Can be used as disinfectants and bleaches as they kill microorganisms and remove colour
                                    1. React with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides

                                      Annotations:

                                      • \[H_2 + Cl_2 -> 2HCl\]
                                      1. When these halides dissolve in water, they break up into a positive and negative ion
                                      2. Reactivity decreases down the group
                                        1. A more reactive halogenw ill displace a less reactive halogen in a displacement reaction
                                          1. According to the octet rule, halogens gain one electron when they react
                                            1. Moving down the group, atoms become bigger and electrons feel less attraction from the nucleus
                                              1. Gaining an electron becomes less favourable and hence elements become less reactive
                                        2. Can be identified using a precipitation reaction with silver nitrate

                                          Annotations:

                                          • \[Ag^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)-> AgCl(s)\]
                                          1. Chloride
                                            1. White
                                            2. Bromide
                                              1. Pale yellow
                                              2. Iodide
                                                1. Yellow
                                            3. Group 0: Noble gases
                                              1. Properties
                                                1. Colourless
                                                  1. Low melting and boiling points points
                                                    1. Poor conductors of heat and electricity
                                                      1. Inert: They do not react easily
                                                        1. Octet rule is already satisfied since they have a full outer shell
                                                        2. Exist as single atoms
                                                        3. Uses
                                                          1. Helium : Weather balloons
                                                            1. Low density and non-flammable
                                                            2. Neon: long lasting illuminated signs
                                                              1. Produces a distinctive red-orange light when electricity is passed through it
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