products are usually high quality, products can be made to meet
needs of individual customers, workers often get more
satisfaction from working on something till it's finished
disadvantage
Costs of production will be high, Labour
costs may be high because job production often requires skilled labour
Batch
advantages
the needs of different customers can be met by making batches of
different goods, batches are made to meet specific orders from
customers and this may reduce costs because the goods may not
need storage, it may be possible to use specialist machines and to
automate production so that costs are saved
disadvantages
it takes time to switch production from one batch to a different one
machinery may need resetting this is added cost, it may be necessary
to keep stocks of materials and components to be able to switch
production. holding stock costs money, the tasks may be repetitive and
boruing to the workers.
Process
advantages
large amounts can be made, most processes can
be automated to allow production costs to be kept
low, the process is ideally suited to products that
have to be of a consistent and very exact quality.
disadvantage
it's very expensive to set up a process
system of production, a problem with one
part of the production process stops the
whole process, starting and stopping can
take a long time
flow
advantages
large amounts can be made, the costs of production for each
unit made are low because the firm benefits from economies of
large scale production, machinery can be used helping to keep
costs low, improvements in technology mean that not all the
products need to be the same; variation in design can be
programmed into the computer-controlling machine
disadvantages
goods are mass-produced and may not be good
quality, it's very expensive to set up a production
line, large stocks of materials may have to be kept
to keep the production line supplied this may be
expensive, if the production stop at any point on the
assembly line because of mechinacle breakdown or
industrial action there may be a complete shut
down of production, jobs on assembly line can be
repetitive and boring