7285291
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Mind Map by Deleted user, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by a deleted user
over 7 years ago
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Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
- Eukaryotic regulation harder than in Prokaryotes
- Hard for RNA polymerase to bind to eukaryotes
- chromatin hides transcriptional regulatory regions
- DNA packed into tight
chromatin fibers of
nucleosomes
- nucleosome: DNA wrapped
around octameric histone core
- ionic bonds between histone (+) and DNA (-)
- ionic bonds between histone (+) and DNA (-)
- nucleosome: DNA wrapped
around octameric histone core
- Histones need to be moved
- Remodeling
- Why
- Expose
regulatory
regions to bind
promoter
- Expose
regulatory
regions to bind
promoter
- methods
- swi/snf
- uses ATP to "nudge" over histone cores
- uses ATP to "nudge" over histone cores
- acetylation of histone tails
- removes +ve charge on histone tails
- Less attraction between histones and DNA
- Less attraction between histones and DNA
- enzyme: HATs
- removes +ve charge on histone tails
- swi/snf
- nucleosome remoding
- Why
- Remodeling
- DNA packed into tight
chromatin fibers of
nucleosomes
- Require combinatorial system with
many regulatory proteins bound to
many regulatory DNA sequences and to
each other for RNA polymerase to bind
- enhanceosomes
- Protein sequence that binds to enhancer
and regulates gene expression
- role in transcriptional regulation
- recruit GTFs. activator
proteins, CBP, and RNA
polymerase
- recruit GTFs. activator
proteins, CBP, and RNA
polymerase
- Protein sequence that binds to enhancer
and regulates gene expression
- Promoter
- Promoter-proximal elements
- Enhancer
- regulatory sequence to help create
combinatorial system and enhance
gene expression
- -20000
- regulatory sequence to help create
combinatorial system and enhance
gene expression
- -100 CCAAT
- -200 GC-rich box
- Enhancer
- -30 TATA
- Promoter-proximal elements
- Regulatory Proteins
- General Transcription Factors (GTF)
- DNA-binding region
- regulatory protein binding region
- DNA-binding region
- DNA binding proteins
- bends DNA for more stable enhancesome
- bends DNA for more stable enhancesome
- General Transcription Factors (GTF)
- enhanceosomes
- chromatin hides transcriptional regulatory regions
- Hard for RNA polymerase to bind to eukaryotes
- GAL system
- yeast
- Chrom 12
- UAS ->
- GAL2
- Gal2
- 1) brings galactose into cell
- 1) brings galactose into cell
- Gal2
- GAL2
- UAS ->
- Chrom 2
- GAL 7 <-
- <- Upstream activation sequence (UAS)
- GAL 10 <-
- <- UAS ->
- Mig1 site
- -> GAL1
- gal1
- 2) Converts galactose into galactose-1-phosphate
- 2) Converts galactose into galactose-1-phosphate
- gal1
- Mig1
- Tup1
- Tup1
- -> GAL1
- Mig1 site
- gal10
- 4) converts UDP-galactose into UDP-glucose
- 4) converts UDP-galactose into UDP-glucose
- <- UAS ->
- GAL 10 <-
- gal7
- 3) Converts galactose-1-phosphate into UDP-galactose
- 5) converts UDP-glucose into glucose-1-phosphate
- enters Glycolysis
- enters Glycolysis
- 3) Converts galactose-1-phosphate into UDP-galactose
- <- Upstream activation sequence (UAS)
- GAL 7 <-
- Gal4
- DNA-binding
domain: Attaches
to UAS
- GTF, dimer
- Activation
domain: Binds to
other proteins
- Mutation in either
domain: cannot
form enhanceosome
- Mutation in either
domain: cannot
form enhanceosome
- DNA-binding
domain: Attaches
to UAS
- Gal80
- binds to Gal4
- prevent formation of enhanceosome
- prevent formation of enhanceosome
- binds to Gal4
- Gal3
- Galactose and ATP present
- Binds to Gal80
- Removes Gal80 so
enhanceosome
can form
- Removes Gal80 so
enhanceosome
can form
- Galactose and ATP present
- yeast
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