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7235761
A Smoker With Chronic Cough
Description
Mind Map on A Smoker With Chronic Cough, created by Salma Mk on 11/12/2016.
Mind Map by
Salma Mk
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Salma Mk
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
A Smoker With Chronic Cough
LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer risks and causes
Heavy Smoker
smokes at least 20 cigarettes daily
Effect of smoking on the body
Smoker's cough
a dry irritated cough to remove all smoke out of lungs
types
body coughs due to inhaled toxins and irritants
ongoing chronic smoker's cough
exposure to radon and certain chemicals
Air pollution
previous lung disease
family history of lung cancer
lowered immunity
Diagnosis
1) positive history markers
2) Physical Examination
head & neck
enlargement of lymph nodes
CVD
effusion
Respiratory system
Lung Spirometry
lung function test
GI tract
Musculoskeletal system
CNS
3) tests
CBC
Blood protein testing
Tumor Marker tests
Substances produced by tumor cells, detectable in blood
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
for
diagnosis
screening for recurrences
monitoring response to treatment
4) Investigations
X-Ray
CT-Scan
PET scan
Bronchoscopy
Biopsy
Needle
procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from body so that it can be analysed in lab
HistoPathology
benign
well differentiated
resembles normal forebears structurally and functionally
malignant
poorly-moderately differentiated
anaplasia (Undifferentiated)
Grading and staging of cancer
Grading
level of aggressiveness of a tutor based on histological appearances
Staging
assesment of the spread of malignant tutor based on clinical and radiographic finding
CARCINOGENESIS
Carcinogens
a substance or agent that causes cancer
Chemical
direct acting
non direct acting
natural plant or micorbial product
Physical
ionising radiation
non ionising radiation
Biological
bacteria
oncogenic RNA viruses
oncogenic DNA viruses
non lethal genetic damage to a cell
4 classes of genes
proto oncogene
oncogene activated by
mutation
promoter insertion
chromosomal translocation
gene amplification
can be
growth factor
growth factor receptor
signal transducing protein
nuclear transcription factor
tumor suppressor gene
Retinboblastoma
P53
DNA repair genes
Apoptosis genes
a multiple step process
initiation
promotion
progression
Cancer Management
Anti Cancer drugs
Action on DNA
alkylation
free radical formation
antimebolites
action on mitotic spindle
plant alkaloid
action on steroid hormone receptors
agonist
antagonist
Coping
2 tyoes
problem focused
long term
emotion focused
short
Avoidant coping
denial-isolation-escaping
Cancer's effect on body
cachexia
paraneoplastic syndrome
bleeding and infection
Media attachments
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