Diabetes Mellitus!.....

Description & Why is it an NHPA?
1. Define: chronic conditions in which the sufferer is unable to utilise blood glucose correctly
2. glucose is preferred energy source and required for cell maintainece
  1. glucose isn't taken in the blood glucose levels are high and the cells cant function properly
3. Insulin is found in the pancreas which helps break down glucose
4. Three types
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2
  3. Gestational
5. possible long term effects of diabetes regardless of the type experienced. These include poor circulation and cardiovascular disease, blindness and kidney disease.
6. It is an NHPA b/c it is a leading contributor to BOD, over 850,000 suffer from diabetes. Growing health problem is Type 2 is influenced by a range of modifiable risk factors.
Costs
1. Direct
  1. Individual
    1. health services
    2. medication
    3. ambulance
  2. Community
    1. Medicare/PHI/PBS
    2. Health promotion programs
2. Indirect
  1. Individual
    1. Dietician & Personal Trainer
    2. lost income
  2. Community
    1. welfare payments
    2. lost productivity
    3. carers
3. Intangible
  1. Individual
    1. Lifestyle changes made to diet and activity levels
    2. frustration & anxiety
    3. loss of self esteem
  2. Community
    1. Frustration over too many lifestyle changes
    2. Anxiety and stress if condition progresses
Determinants
1. Biological
  1. Body Weight
    1. risk factor for type 2
    2. Excess body weight increase type 2
  2. High blood pressure/ High cholesterol
    1. common in type 2
    2. high rates of obesity and these increase the likelihood.
  3. Impaired glucose regulation
    1. precursor (comes before) type 2 diabetes
    2. no lifestyle changes they are at a higher risk at developing all types of diabetes
  4. Genetic Predisposition
    1. family history =higher risk
  5. Age
    1. risk type 2 increase with age
    2. over 55's at risk as well as youth
2. Behavioural
  1. Tobacco Smoking
    1. higher blood glucose levels which can lead to insulin resistance
    2. more likely type 2
    3. more likely to be obese because of a sedentary lifestyle
  2. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
    1. large amounts of energy which is a risk factor for gestational and type 2
  3. Dietary Behaviour
    1. energy dense and high fat diet contributes to weight gain
    2. risk for type 2 and gestational
  4. Physical Inactivity
    1. weight gain which increase chances of obesity
      1. risk factor for type 2 and gestational
3. Physical Environment
  1. Access to Recreational Facilities
    1. no access individuals may not exercise as much. this increases body weight
      1. risk for type 2/gestational
  2. Work Environment
    1. environment which doesn't promote physical activity can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes
  3. Transport Systems
    1. Passive methods such as cars, can increase obesity and type 2 diabetes.
4. Social
  1. Socioeconomic Status
    1. Low SES = higher rates of obesity and type 2/gestational diabetes
  2. Occupation
    1. sedentary occupations is a risk factor for obesity and therefore type 2 diabetes.
  3. Food Security
    1. lack of options and income = rely on processed foods. Energy dense foods lead you to obesity
      1. increase your chances of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes
  4. Early Life Experiences
    1. low birth weight increases risk of developing type 2 diabetes later on
      1. malnutrition and damage to the insulin producing cells in the pancreas
Health Promotions
1. Shape Up Australia
2. Prevention of type 2 diabetes program
  1. decrease the delay of development of diabetes in high risk individuals
3. National Diabetes Week
  1. annual event. raises awareness about type 2 diabetes and reduces risk factors that contribute to its development.
4. Life!
  1. takes action on diabetes. Aims to reduce the incidence of diabetes.

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Diabetes Mellitus!.....

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	Created by mikaela.farrugia over 10 years ago