55307
Description
Mind Map by Alice Clayden, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alice Clayden
over 11 years ago
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Topic 1: Qualitative
analysis
- Qualitative analysis- any method used to
identify which chemicals are present for
example using an indicator to find out if
acids are present.
- Quantitative analysis- any method used to determine the
amount of a particular chemical present for example
carrying out an acid-base titration.
- Flame tests for metal ions: yellow = sodium, lilac =
potassium, brick red = calcium, blue/green = copper
- Precipitate tests for metal ions - add
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to each
solution
- Copper = blue precipitate
- Iron II = green precipitate
- Iron III = brown
precipitate
- Aluminium = white
precipitate
- Calcium = white precipitate
- Aluminium and
calcium can be
distinguished by
adding excess
sodium hydroxide
- Calcium ions would be unchanged but aluminium
ions would redissolve to form a colourless solution
- Calcium ions would be unchanged but aluminium
ions would redissolve to form a colourless solution
- All preciptates are solid hydroxides of the
cation e.g. calcium hydroxide
- Copper = blue precipitate
- Testing for Halide ions:chloride, bromide and iodide-
add silver nitrate (AgNO3)
- Chloride ions = white precipitate
- Bromide ions = cream/ pale yellow
- iodide ions = yellow
- Chloride ions = white precipitate
- Anion = negative
- Cation = positive
- Identifying ammonium ions: warm the
unknown substance (e.g. ammonium chloride) with sodium hydroxide
(NaOH)
- If a smelly gas is
given off and damp
red litmus paper turns
blue then ammonium
ions are present
- NaOH(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) = NH3(g) + H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
- If a smelly gas is
given off and damp
red litmus paper turns
blue then ammonium
ions are present
- Why test for ions in industry?
- Forensic science, water checked for purity and
safety- levels of compounds/ ions can be unsafe,
also to identify unknown compounds in water
- chlorine is used to kill bacteria
in our water so the
concentrations of chloride ions
are monitored by chemists
- minerals in the diet are very
important for health- ions tests our
done on our blood to check for
mineral defiency
- Copper, Potassium, Calcium &
sodium are tested for - flame
test
- chlorides and
iodides are tested
for to - halide test
- Copper, Potassium, Calcium &
sodium are tested for - flame
test
- water that is too hard will produce alot of
scum- impact on industrial and domestic
machinery e.g. washing machines
- Forensic science, water checked for purity and
safety- levels of compounds/ ions can be unsafe,
also to identify unknown compounds in water
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