Approaches and Methods for ESL

Calla Related Concepts
1. Literacy Across the Curriculum: reading/writing across the content areas, integrated instruction.
  1. Application: Use reading passages about landforms to teach reading skills while learning about United States geography in social studies. Include opportunities to read, write, speak, and listen.
    1. Application: Include in the geography lesson landforms found in students' home countries.
2. Language Experience Approach: provides experiences that help develop language in context.
  1. Application: Carve a pumpkin in class, cutting and emptying the pumpkin together. Talk, read stories and write about pumpkins and the experiences.
3. Balanced Reading Approach: a balance between whole language and phonics instruction.
  1. Application: Teach the /or/ phonics lesson during a Halloween reading and writing unit focusing on candy corn.
4. Cooperative Learning: students work together to construct knowledge through tasks.
  1. Application: Students work in cooperative groups to solve a break out game.
5. Inquiry: an activity aimed at extracting meaning from experience
  1. Application: Students design and carry out an investigation to answer a question, such as "What happens to plants if they are planted too closely together?"
6. Process Writing: writing in all subject areas that requires reflection and revisions
  1. Application: Students write a paragraph that summarizes the learning in a social studies unit. They use peer editing and a rubric to reflect and revise.
Sociocultural Theories
1. Students learning is impacted through internal cognitive and affective factors and external social and cultural factors.
  1. Focuses on learning through social interaction and cultural context.
    1. Application: Provide opportunities for students two construct knowledge in groups and through scaffolding, such as during teacher-student and student-student discussions.
CALLA Model
1. Integrates content instruction, academic language development, and explicit instruction in learning strategies.
  1. Content instruction based on standards
    1. Why? To develop knowledge, learn skills and processes, and content is motivating and interesting.
    2. Help students connect content to their own cultural backgrounds.
    3. Teach content by linking new to known, providing experiential learning, and addressing all learning styles.
  2. Academic language: includes listening, speaking, reading, writing
    1. Used for cognitively demanding tasks
    2. Requires lower-order and higher-order thinking skills.
    3. Academic Language is essential to success in content areas and not usually learned outside of school.
    4. Select Academic Language that is relevant to student needs and learning.
    5. Teach through modeling and providing listening, speaking and writing opportunities in content areas.
      1. During a lesson about facts and opinions: Students turn and talk about their own opinions on a given topic, listen to a read aloud and identify facts and opinions, read examples of facts and opinions, and write examples of facts and opinions. Students are provided with language supports such as: "According to the text..." and "I disagree because..."
  3. Strategies instruction helps students be mentally active and analyze and reflect on their learning.
Cognitive Approach
1. Recognizes that memory and processing are fundamental to learning.
  1. Procedural Memory: what we know how to do, learned through practice
    1. Application: Students perform a task, such as measuring liquid volume and creating a vertical numberline on a bottle to learn about capacity.
  2. Declarative Memory: information stored in schemata, content knowledge, learned through connections to background knowledge.
    1. Application: Before beginning a lesson, do a quick write listing prior knowledge about the lesson topic.

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Approaches and Methods for ESL

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	Created by Farrah Kilgo about 5 years ago