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14234311
COPD
Description
Mind Map on COPD, created by Roya Moalem on 22/06/2018.
No tags specified
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
harrison
19th edition
chapter 314
Mind Map by
Roya Moalem
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Roya Moalem
about 6 years ago
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Resource summary
COPD
includes
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
small airway obstruction
definition
not fully reversible airflow limitation
it must include
chronic airflow obstruction
PATHOGENESIS
major physiologic change
airflow limitation
results from
Emphysema
due to
lack of TGF-B
causes
Emphysema
Parenchymal inflam.
comprises 4 events
1. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke
leads to
infalmmatory & immune cell recruitment within the terminal spaces of the lung
2. releases
elastolytic & proteinases
damage
Lung ECM
3. structural (Endo, Epithelial) cell death
occurs
directly
oxidant-induced cigarrete smoke
senescence
indirectly
Matrix attatchment proteolytic loss
4. ineffective repair of
elastin & other ECM components
results in
air space enlargement
small airway obstruction
by
hyperplasia & accumulation of cells
mucuous
fibrosis
due to
TGF-B activation
THE ELASTASE:ANTIELASTASE HYPOTHESIS
A1-AT deff.
⬆️ risk of
Emphysema
immune & inflammatory cells
additional proteinases
INFLAMMATION & ECM PROTEOLYSIS
AI mechanisms
esp. in advanced cases
⬆️ B cells & lymphoid follicles
IgG autoAb
against
pulmonary Epith.
can potentially mediate
cytotoxicity
concomitant cigarette smoke-induced loss of cilia in the airway Epith. & impaired MQ phagocytosis
CELL DEATH
rt801 inhibition of mTOR
leads to
inflamm., proteolysis & cell death
emphesyma therefore resembles
premature aging of the lung
INEFFECTIVE REPAIR
Pathology
Large airway
Cigarette smoking
results in
mucous gland enlargement
leading to
Cough & sputum
defines
chronic bronchitis
not related to airflow limitation
⬆️ in number (hyperplasia) & extent
Small airways
Lung parenchyma
Media attachments
Screenshot 2018 06 22 13.23.58 (binary/octet-stream)
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