Taxi driver

Anatomy
1. Regions of vertebral column
  1. cervical
    1. C1---C7
  2. Thoracic
    1. T1---T12
  3. Lumbar
    1. L1---L5
  4. Sacral
    1. Five Fused
  5. coccyx
    1. 2--5
2. vertebral curvatures
  1. Primary curvature
    1. concave forward
  2. Secondary curvatures
  3. curvatures in adult vertebral column
3. Vertebrae
  1. General characteristics of vertebrae
  2. Cervical
    1. Typical
    2. Atypical
      1. C1-Atlas
      2. C2-Axis
      3. C7
4. Joints
  1. Zygapophyseal
  2. Atlanto Occipital
  3. Atlanto Axial
5. Ligaments
6. Sciatic nerve
  1. Compression
    1. Sciatica
7. Muscles of the back
  1. Superficial
  2. Deep
  3. Intermediate
Lower back pain
1. Risks
  1. Aging
  2. Genetics
  3. Occupation
  4. Sedentary Life style
  5. Excess Weight
  6. Pregnancy
2. Alleviating Factors
  1. Thermal
  2. Posture
  3. medium-firm matress
  4. Yoga
  5. Acupuncture
  6. Manual Manipulation
3. Aggravating Factors
  1. Poor posture
  2. Smoking
  3. Mattress
  4. Heavy Lifting
  5. Sport Injuries
4. Radiating pain
  1. nerve or nerve roots are under pressure
5. Referred Pain
  1. feeling pain in part of the body that is remote from the tissue causing the pain
6. Noncompliance
  1. Dua to
    1. financial issues
sciatica
1. pain in lower extremity from irritation of sciatic nerve
2. pain is from low back to behind the thigh
  1. radiate
    1. below the knee
3. Diagnosis
  1. Full medical history
  2. Physical and neurological examinations
  3. Imaging tests
    1. X-ray
    2. CT
    3. EMG
4. Symptoms
  1. Weakness or numbness
  2. shooting pain in one leg
  3. Lower back pain
  4. pins-and-needles
  5. Constant pain in only one side of the buttock or leg
5. Management and Treatment
  1. Rest
  2. Surgery
  3. Physiotherapy
  4. Epidural steroid injection
  5. traction therapy
  6. spinal manipulation
  7. Surgery
6. Pharmacology
  1. Skeletal muscle relaxants
  2. Corticosteroids
    1. Mechanism of action
      1. Steroid interacts with its receptor within the cell
        The receptor losses the HSP and become free
        Enters the nucleus and binds to the GRP
        regulation of gene transcription
    2. Effect
      1. Metabolic
      2. Catabolic
      3. anti-inflammatory
      4. immunomodulatory
    3. Uses
      1. Adrenal insufficiency
      2. Adrenal hyperplasia
      3. Cushing syndrome
      4. Aldosteronism
      5. Lung maturation

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Taxi driver

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	Created by Dua Ga over 6 years ago