97667
Description
Flashcards by marissasall, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by marissasall
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are illegal recreational drugs | These are illegal to buy or use some people use them for enjoyment but these have dangerous side effects Eg) amphetamines, heroin |
| Legal recreational drugs | These are legal to buy over the counter. Some have age restrictions on them some people use them for enjoyment but they have dangerous side effected Eg) alcohol |
| What is a drug | A drug is any substance that changes the way the chemical reactions in the body cells work |
| Give examples of substances that can be called a drug | Paracetamol alcohol nicotine ecstasy |
| Example of beneficial drug | Asthma drugs |
| Example of harmful drugs | Nicotine in cigarettes can cause harm |
| Medical drugs Example | Pain killers Antibiotics |
| Legal drugs Example | Alcohol Tobacco Caffeine |
| Illegal drugs Example | Heroin Ecstasy Cocain |
| Medical drugs Definition | These are drugs that can be bought over some are bought at chemists. Some are prescription drugs people usually take these to alleviate pain or to clear up sickness Eg pain killers |
| Addiction Definition | Some drugs are addictive eg) crystal meth. Additive drugs permanently alter the chemical reactions in the body cells so The user feels dependent on the drug to feel normal |
| With draw symptoms Example | Vomiting head aches and diarrhoea |
| Legal facts on Cannabis | Even though cannabis is illegal in Manu countries it is still smoked by millions of people around the world There is very little scientific research that proves that cannabis has an effect on the long term or short term memory Vast majority of cannabis users do not move onto hard drugs eg) heroin |
| Examples Hard drugs | Heron, cocaine |
| Illegal facts on cannabis | Cannabis can cause complete mental break down Almost everyone who uses heroin started off using cannabis Cannabis smoke contains more carcinogens than cigarette smoke |
| What can performance enhancing drugs be to the user Example | They can be dangerous Example Hy may be new and untested drugs |
| Expense Performance enhancing drugs | They are usually expansive so they are not available to all athletes |
| What is the result for using performance enhancing drugs | Use of performance enhancing drugs in competitive sport is illegal and can result in fines prison bans from competitive sport stripping of tittles and medles |
| Beneficial to user Stimulants | Faster reactions Quicker recovery times |
| Side effects of stimulants | Raised heart rate and blood pressure aggression liver and brain damage |
| What type of athletes use stimulants | Tennis players Footballers |
| Benefit to user Steroids | Increases muscle mass increases strength |
| Side effects to steroids | Heart disease infertility weak ligaments and tendons aggression |
| What type of athlete use steroids | Weightlifters |
| Beneficial to user Diuretics | Produces extra urine Rapid weight loss |
| Side effects of diuretics | Dehydration Kidney damage |
| What type of athlete uses diuretics | Jockeys |
| Benefit to user EPO | More red blood cells increases oxygen capacity in the blood |
| Side effects of EPO | Thickens blood causes strokes and Heart attacks |
| What type of athlete uses EPO | Cyclists |
| Benefit to user Depressants / beta blockers | AKA suppressants lower blood pressure calm nerves muscle spasms |
| Side effects of depressants and beta blocker s | Herat attacks head aches dizziness |
| What type of athlete will use depressants and beta blockers | Snooker players |
| Benefit to user Pain killers | Mask pain help endurance |
| Side effects of pain killers | Risk of serous injury as athletes cannot damage to cells occur |
| What type of athlete will use pain killers | American footballers boxing |
| A good medicine is Effective | It must prevent cure the disease it is aimed for Make you feel better |
| A good medicine is Safe | Drug must not be toxic and must have no unacceptable side effects |
| A good medicine is Stable | You need to be able to use medicine under normal conditions and store it for some time |
| A good medicine is Successfully taken into and removed by the body | Must reach its target and be removes once it has done its work |
| Placebos | During drug trails some people are given a placebo instead of the drug to be tested. The placebo looks identical to the drug and is administered in the exactly the same way as the actual drug but doesn't contain any drug |
| What is a double blind trail | Neither the doctor or the patient know who has received the placebo and who received the drug until after the trail is compete to avoid any bias in the results |
| Why are placebos given | Because it would show if there was any improvement was due to expectation and it would show what improvement was due to the drug |
| How is the optimum or best dose of drug found | Gradually increase the dose/ range of dose that doesn't have a side effect |
| List the 1st step of how a new drug is tested | Design a drug in a laboratory that may treat a particular disease, synthesise the drug and test on cell cultures to see if it is toxic to cells |
| List the 2nd step to how a new drug is tested | Test the new drug on animals to identity if it has un expected side effects in a living organism |
| List the 3rd step to how new drugs are tested | Begin clinical trials (tests on humans ). Initially test on a small number of healthy human volunteers to check safety in humans. |
| List the 4th step of a new drug testing | Test the drug on humans who are suffers of the disease. Increase the dose of the drug gradually to identify a dose that is both safe and effective |
| List the 5th step of a new drug testing | If the drug passes all of these stages of testing hen a licence if granted and the drug can be prescribed by doctors |
| What are stains used to do | To lower blood cholesterol levels |
| What are statins used to prevent | To prevent cardiovascular diseases |
| Effects Statins | Statins can have rare but severe adverse effects eg) muscle damage other side effects can be an upset stomach sleeping problems ( insomnia) and head aches |
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