8892522
Description
Flashcards by Victoria Wright, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Victoria Wright
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins inhibit protein synthesis? | Corynebacterium diphtheriae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Shigella spp. Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC |
| Inhibit protein synthesis What toxin is associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae? | Diphtheria toxina *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit protein synthesis What toxin is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Exotoxin A *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit protein synthesis What toxin is associated with Shigella spp.? | Shiga toxin (ST) *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit protein synthesis What toxin is associated with Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC)? | Shiga-like toxin (SLT) *An AB toxin |
| Increase fluid secretion What toxin is associated with Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC)? | Heat-labile toxin (LT) *An AB toxin Heat-stable toxin (ST) |
| Increase fluid secretion What toxin is associated with Bacillus anthracis? | Edema toxin *An AB toxin |
| Increase fluid secretion What toxin is associated with Vibrio cholerae? | Cholera toxin *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit phagocytic ability What toxin is associated with Bordetella pertussis? | Pertussis toxin *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit release of neurotransmitter What toxin is associated with Clostridium tetani? | Tetanospasmin *An AB toxin |
| Inhibit release of neurotransmitter What toxin is associated with Clostridium botulinum? | Botulinum toxin *An AB toxin |
| Lyse cell membranes What toxin is associated with Clostridium perfringens? | Alpha toxin |
| Lyse cell membranes What toxin is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes? | Streptolysin O |
| Superantigens causing shock What toxin is associated with Staphylococcus aureus? | Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) |
| Superantigens causing shock What toxin is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes? | Exotoxin A |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins Increase fluid secretion? | Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) Bacillus anthracis Vibrio cholerae |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins inhibit phagocytic ability? | Bordetella pertussis |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins inhibit release of neurotransmitter? | Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins Lyse cell membranes? | Clostridium perfringens Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Which bacteria with exotoxins are superantigens causing shock? | Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Exotoxin A | Streptococcus pyogenes Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) | Staphylococcus aureus |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Streptolysin O | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Alpha toxin | Clostridium perfringens |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Botulinum toxin | Clostridium botulinum |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Tetanospasmin | Clostridium tetani |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Pertussis toxin | Bordetella pertussis |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Cholera toxin | Vibrio cholerae |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Edema toxin | Bacillus anthracis |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Heat-labile toxin (LT) | Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Heat-stable toxin (ST) | Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Shiga-like toxin (SLT) | Enterohemorrhagic E coli |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Shiga toxin (ST) | Shigella spp. |
| What bacteria with exotoxins are associated with the following toxin? Diphtheria toxin | Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria toxin) | Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2) |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Exotoxin A) | Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2) |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Shigella spp. (Shiga toxin (ST)) | Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) (Shiga-like toxin (SLT)) | Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (Heat-labile toxin (LT)) | Overactivates adenylate cyclase (increasing cAMP) leading to increased Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (Heat-stable toxin (ST)) | Overactivates guanylate cyclase (increases cGMP) leads to decreased resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Bacillus anthracis (Edema toxin) | Mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme (increased cAMP) |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Vibrio cholerae (Cholera toxin) | Overactivates adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP) by permanently activating Gs leads to increased Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis toxin) | Overactivates adenylate cyclase (increasing cAMP) by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium tetani (Tetanospasmin) | Both are proteases that cleave SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor), a set of proteins required for neurotransmitter release via vesicular fusion |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum toxin) | Both are proteases that cleave SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor), a set of proteins required for neurotransmitter release via vesicular fusion |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium perfringens (Alpha toxin) | Phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membranes |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptolysin O) | Protein that degrades cell membrane |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Streptococcus pyogenes (Exotoxin A) | Binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α leading to shock |
| What is the mechanism for the following bacteria with exotoxins? Staphylococcus aureus (Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)) | Binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α leading to shock |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Staphylococcus aureus (Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)) | Toxic shock syndrome: fever, rash, shock; other toxins cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) and food poisoning (heat-stable enterotoxin) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Streptococcus pyogenes (Exotoxin A) | Toxic shock–like syndrome: fever, rash, shock; scarlet fever |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptolysin O) | Lyses RBCs; contributes to β-hemolysis; host antibodies against toxin (ASO) used to diagnose rheumatic fever (do not confuse with immune complexes of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium perfringens (Alpha toxin) | Degradation of phospholipids leads to myonecrosis (“gas gangrene”) and hemolysis (“double zone” of hemolysis on blood agar) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum toxin) | Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby; toxin prevents release of stimulatory (ACh) signals at neuromuscular junctions leads to flaccid paralysis |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Clostridium tetani (Tetanospasmin) | Spastic paralysis, risus sardonicus, and “lockjaw”; toxin prevents release of inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in spinal cord. |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Spastic paralysis, risus sardonicus, and “lockjaw”; toxin prevents release of inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in spinal cord. | Clostridium tetani (Tetanospasmin) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby; toxin prevents release of stimulatory (ACh) signals at neuromuscular junctions leads to flaccid paralysis | Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum toxin) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis toxin) | Whooping cough—child coughs on expiration and “whoops” on inspiration (toxin may not actually be a cause of cough; can cause “100-day cough” in adults) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Whooping cough—child coughs on expiration and “whoops” on inspiration (toxin may not actually be a cause of cough; can cause “100-day cough” in adults) | Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis toxin) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Vibrio cholerae (Cholera toxin) | Voluminous “rice-water” diarrhea |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Voluminous “rice-water” diarrhea | Vibrio cholerae (Cholera toxin) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Bacillus anthracis (Edema toxin) | Likely responsible for characteristic edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Likely responsible for characteristic edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax | Bacillus anthracis (Edema toxin) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (Heat-liable toxin (LT) and Heat-stable toxin (ST) | Watery diarrhea: “labile in the Air (Adenylate cyclase), stable on the Ground (Guanylate cyclase)” |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Watery diarrhea: “labile in the Air (Adenylate cyclase), stable on the Ground (Guanylate cyclase)” | Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (Heat-liable toxin (LT) and Heat-stable toxin (ST)) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) (Shiga-like toxin (SLT)) | SLT enhances cytokine release, causing HUS (prototypically in EHEC serotype O157:H7). Unlike Shigella, EHEC does not invade host cells |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? SLT enhances cytokine release, causing HUS (prototypically in EHEC serotype O157:H7). Unlike Shigella, EHEC does not invade host cells | Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) (Shiga-like toxin (SLT)) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Shigella spp (Shiga toxin (ST)) | GI mucosal damage leads to dysentery; ST also enhances cytokine release, causing hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? GI mucosal damage leads to dysentery; ST also enhances cytokine release, causing hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS) | Shigella spp (Shiga toxin (ST)) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Exotoxin A) | Host cell death |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Host cell death | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Exotoxin A) |
| What is the manifestation of the following bacteria with exotoxins? Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria toxin) | Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck) | Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria toxin) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Degradation of phospholipids leads to myonecrosis (“gas gangrene”) and hemolysis (“double zone” of hemolysis on blood agar) | Clostridium perfringens (Alpha toxin) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Lyses RBCs; contributes to β-hemolysis; host antibodies against toxin (ASO) used to diagnose rheumatic fever (do not confuse with immune complexes of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis | Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptolysin O) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Toxic shock syndrome: fever, rash, shock; other toxins cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) and food poisoning (heat-stable enterotoxin) | Staphylococcus aureus (Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)) |
| The following is the manifestation of what bacteria with exotoxins? Toxic shock–like syndrome: fever, rash, shock; scarlet fever | Streptococcus pyogenes (Exotoxin A) |
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