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| Question | Answer |
| 7.1 | The Industrial Revolution |
| What were the important discoveries invented in the 18th century? | Spinning jenny in 1764 and electricity in 1752 |
| What was the purpose of a spinning jenny? | A spinning jenny allows one worker to work on several spools of cotton at one cotton mill |
| What is a mass production and how did it become the major factor of the Industrial Revolution? | Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products. New technologies led to the emergence of first factories. |
| What is the rural-urban migration? | The mass movement of rural people to live in the cities as workers for factories. |
| What was the fastest growing city during the Industrial Age? | London became unhygienic and overcrowded which resulted it to be a home to a large working class. |
| How was the living condition back then? | People were often to share tenements with other families. It was freezing in winter and were usually damp. Diseases were easily spread due to the lack of hygienic environments. |
| How was the working condition? | Children as young as seven to eight were employed. Safety wasn't a thing back in the days as rules to use the machines didn't even exist. This has caused thousands injuries and deaths. |
| What did 5 year old children do in factories? | They were used to open and close mineshaft doors. |
| How long did the workers spent in a daily work? | 12-14 hours, they were paid in regular incomes. |
| What was the common crimes? | Theft: stealing basic stuff like breads. |
| What did the British Parliament introduced? | Laws allowing for the transportation of convicts to the American colonies. |
| How did this affected Australia? | With the introduction of new laws, other destinations like Botany Bay, Australia, were opened for the convicts. |
| In what year did the economic depression begun? | In 1890, the year where the business closures and unemployment rises. |
| 7.2 | Movements of people |
| Where did the first English colony established? | Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. |
| What happened in 1620? | A second English colony was established further north of New Plymouth. This was settled by a group called Puritans. |
| Who were the first few settlers who arrived in Sydney? | They were five single men and two families who were we wealthy enough to afford a long voyage to Europe. |
| What did the British government introduced in the 1820s? | To help pay the long voyage, they introduced the Assisted Passage Scheme. |
| Slavery-involuntary movement | The transatlantic slave trade was a three-way, relied on the captured African slaves. |
| What did they do on the plantations? | The slaves harvested products that then export to Europe |
| How many convicts were there during the transportation? | 736, 28 died. |
| Who was the youngest convict in the Fleet? | John Hudson, 9 year old, arrested for theft. |
| What is blackbirding? | the practice of kidnapping Pacific Islanders and using them as forced labour, in particular on sugar and cotton plantations in Australia. |
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