73602
| Question | Answer |
| How do you make an insoluble salt? | 1. Two solutions of soluble substance are mixed together 2. The precipitate is filtered off. 3. The filtered precipitate is washed several times with deionised water. 4. Insoluble salt is scraped off the filter paper. |
| What is the general word equation of a acid and metal reaction? | Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen e.g. Zinc + Hydrochloric acid -> Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen |
| How do you test for the hydrogen produced in a salt reaction? | If you capture the gas and then take a splint to it, it makes a squeky pop. |
| What is the general word equation for a neutralisation reaction? | Alkali(Soluble Base) + Acid -> Salt + Water OR Metal Hydroxide + Acid -> Salt + Water |
| What is the general word equation of a (Hydrogen)Carbonate reaction? | Metal/Hydrogen Carbonate + Acid -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide e.g. Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid -> Calcium Chloride + Carbon Dioxide + Water |
| What is the solubility of salts? | All Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium salts are soluble. All Nitrates are soluble. All chlorides are soluble bar Lead and Silver. All Sulphates are soluble bar Lead and Barium. Most Carbonates are insoluble bar Sodium and Potassium. Most hydroxides are insoluble bar Sodium, Ammonium and Potassium. |
| How do you make a soluble salt? | 1. Known vol. of acid is popetted into a conical flash and UI is added. The acid is titrated with alkali. 2. Acid is added until the indicator turns green. This means the acid has been neutralised. 3. Volume of alkali needed for neutralisation is then noted. (This process is then repeated without the contaminating UI) 4. The solution is transferred to an evaporating dish and heated to partially evaporate the water causing crystallisation. |
| Define a Base. | A substance that will accept hydrogen atoms. |
| Define an alkali. | A base that is soluble in water. They produce OH ions in solution. |
| Define neutralisation. | A reaction between H+(aq) and OH-(aq) to form water. |
| Define an indicator. | Substances that change colour depending on the pH of a solution. |
| What are the main indicators and their properties? | Litmus: Red in acid, Blue in alkali Methyl Orange: Red in acid, orange in alkali Phenolthalien Indicator: Colourless in acids, bright pink in alkali Universal Indicator: Shows a wide range of colours depending upon the pH of a solution. Red in Alkali, Green neutral, Violet alkali. |
| What is pH? | The measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. (Relates to the amount of H+ ions.) The scale is 1-14 where 7 is neutral. |
| What happens when an acid reacts with a metal? | It forms a salt that is named after the acid. e.g. Sulphuric acid = Sulphates Hydrochloric Acid = Chlorides Nitric Acid = Nitrates. |
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