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| Question | Answer |
| Biome | A collection of ecosystems sharing common climatic conditions |
| Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by green plants |
| Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by green plants, after allowing for losses to respiration. |
| Gross Secondary Productivity (GSP) | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by consumers through absorption. |
| Net Secondary Productivity (GSP) | The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time by consumers after allowing for losses to respiration. |
| Autotrophs | Organisms that can make their own food |
| Heterotrophs | Organism which obtain energy (food) from other organisms |
| Species | Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time |
| Habitat | The environment where a species usually lives |
| Ecological niche | The job of an organism. It includes every relationship the organism may have e.g where it lives, predators, competitors. |
| Community | A group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat |
| Ecosystem | A community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment which they inhabit. |
| Biosphere | The part of the Earth inhabited by humans. |
| Biotic factors | Organisms or their products that directly or indirectly affect an organism and its envronment |
| Abiotic factors | The non-living, physical and chemical components of an ecosystem |
| Food chain | A representation of the flow of energy from one organism to the next, showing feeding relationships between species in an ecosystem. |
| Food web | A complex network of interrelated food chains |
| Trophic level | The position that an organism or a group of organisms in a community occupies in a food chain |
| Producer | Green plants that make their own food from simple inorganic substances |
| Consumers | Organisms which feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs to gain energy |
| Decomposers | Organisms that obtain their energy using dead organisms as their food source |
| Detritivores | Consumers that derive their food from detritus or decomposing organic material |
| Bioaccumulation | A substance which can't be excreted or egested and increases in concentration through the food chain |
| Biomagnification | Small amounts of a substance are taken in by organisms lower down in the food chain and are unaffected but when higher consumers eat large volumes of affected organisms, the substance can cause disease or death |
| Intraspecific competition | Competition among members of the same species |
| Interspecific competition | Competition between members of different species |
| Predation | When one animal (predator) eats another animal (prey) |
| Herbivory | An animal eating a green plant |
| Parasitism | A relationship between two species, in which one species (parasite) live in or on another (host), gaining food from it. |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two or more species in which both or all benefit and non suffer |
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