51442
| Question | Answer |
| xenozoonoses | diseases that can be passed from animals, whether wild or domesticated, to humans |
| Embryonic Stem cell-mediated gene transfer | 1.isolate stem cells from embryo 2. insert desired gene into cells 3.Cells containing the desired DNA are incorporated into the host’s embryo, resulting in a chimeric animal 3.test for transgenes 4.reconstructed oocyte is activated to initiate development 6. reconstructed embryo can result in a viable offspring (2–3% of time) |
| DNA microinjection to create transgenic animals | 1. ds DNA components of the transgene are combined enzymatically to yield a transgene expression cassette 2. Transgene cassettes are inserted into plasmid vectors and cloned 3. Transgene-bearing plasmids are transfected into cultured eukaryotic cells to evaluate expression of the transgene 4. Plasmid-free transgene fragments are introduced directly into embryonic pronuclei 5. Manipulated embryos are placed in the reproductive tract of a pseudopregnant recipient 6. The genomic DNA of live-born pups is analyzed for the presence of the transgene DNA sequence |
| transgenic animal | carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome or has its gene deleted |
| animal model | living animal used during the research and investigation of human diseases |
| animal cloning | the production of genetically identical animals |
| how is a functional protien produced in a transgenic animal? | 1.inserted gene expressed in mammary glands 2.The post-translationally modified protein isolated from the milk 3.If protein is similar to human it can be developed as a pharmaceutical. |
| Transgenic sheep and pigs have been created that produce ... | human blood clotting factors (VIII and IX) in their milk. |
| Transgenic rabbits have been created that produce..... | human interleukin-2. |
| 95% of transgenic animals used in biomedical research are... | mice |
| human products produced by transgenic animals | 1. anti-thrombin III 2. Collagen 3.Fibrinogen 4.fertility hormone 5.hemoglobin 6.serum albumin 7.Lactoferrin 8.Tissue plasminogen activator |
| A transgenic animal for pharmaceutical production should: | 1.Produce the desired drug at high levels w/o endangering its own health 2.Pass its ability to produce the drug at high levels to its offspring |
| Strategy for production in mammary glands | 1.Couple gene for the protein drug with signal directing production in the mammary gland 2.gene present every cell but functional only in mammary gland 3.protein drug made only in milk |
| 3 Gene Transfer Methods | 1Microinjection of cells (oocytes) 2Embryonic stem cell-mediated 3Retrovirus-mediated |
| animal cloning | DNA of an oocyte is removed and replaced by that of the donor cell. multiple, genetically identical individuals can be made from a donor cell source (an individual animal or fetus) |
| how to make a cybrid | 1.take whole human cell or DNA and put into empty animal egg 2. egg divides and is 99.9% human and 0.1% animal |
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