4872614
Description
Flashcards by Sherry Grisham-Cushing, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sherry Grisham-Cushing
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Unpleasant sensory or emotion experience | pain |
| Pain that occurs after the initial tissue injury | pathologic pain |
| Absence of pain in the presence of a painful stimulus | analgesia |
| afferent nerve ending preferentially sensitive to noxious stimuli | nocicepter |
| The physiologic process of transduction, transmission and modulation of nerve signals generated by nocicepters | nociception |
| Pain resulting from a stimulus that isn't normally painful | allodynia |
| Hyperexcitability of neurons in the spinal cord after repeated high-intensity nociceptive impulses | Wind-up |
| Pain from internal organs | Visceral Pain |
| Pain from skin, SQ muscles, bones and joints, and peritoneum | Somatic Pain |
| Pain felt in a body part other than that in which it originates | Referred Pain |
| Pain which has an abrupt onset and a relatively short duration, which ends when the tissue is healed | Acute Pain |
| Pain which is present after the tissue has healed, with a long duration | Chronic Pain |
| The use of 2 or more analgesic agents that differ in their mechanism of action to treat pain | Multimodal or Balanced Analgesia |
| Establishment of analgesia before the onset of painful stimuli which can prevent windup | Pre-emptive Analgesia |
| This is the most effective analgesic family, commonly used in veterinary hospitals | Opioids |
| This drug is a pure opioid agonist which other opioids are measured against. The "gold standard" | Morphine |
| This opioid drug treats severe pain and has many similarities to morphine with fewer side effects (especially hypotension) | Hydromorphone |
| This potent opioid analgesic has a rapid onset and a short duration of action. Routes include IV, CRI, IM and transdermal | Fentanyl |
| This drug is a partial mu agonist, is most effective in felines, and is now available in a drug lasting 24 hours | Buprenorphine |
| This mixed agonist/antagonist provides short analgesia but longer sedation. | Butorphanol |
| This opioid agonist/antagonist can act to reverse opioid drugs at the mu receptor | Butorphanol |
| Name 2 Opioid Reversal agents and the receptor at which they work | Naloxone, Butorphanol both work at the mu receptor |
| Oral synthetic opioid which inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, contributing to analgesia | Tramdaol |
| This family of drug modifies the inflammatory response | NSAID |
| The primary side effect of the NSAID family of drugs is | GI Ulceration |
| This analgesic drug family should not be administered to patients who become hypotensive intra-operatively | NSAIDs |
| Name several NSAIDs frequently prescribed in the veterinary office | carprofen, deracoxib, meloxicam,firocoxib |
| This family of drugs is a reliable sedative in the preanesthetic time period, providing visceral and somatic analgesia | alpha-2 agonists |
| This family of analgesic drugs acts synergistically with opioids and improves intensity and duration of analgesia | alpha-2 agonists (xylazine and dexmedetomidine) |
| This family of analgesic drugs disrupts neural transmission of information | Local Anesthetics |
| Name 2 drugs which have NMDA receptor antagonist action providing analgesia | Ketamine, Amantadine |
| This drug was originally used as an anticonvulsant and acts by down-regulating calcium channels | Gabapentin |
| This drug is used in humans to treat neuropathic and maladaptive pain | Gabapentin |
| This tricyclic antidepressent can be used to treat neuropathic pain | Amitriptyline |
| There is speculation that this drug's inhibition of substance P may play a role in analgesia | Maropitant (Cerenia) |
| This drug is used to treat osteosarcoma pain | Biphosphonate |
| This family of drugs treats pain by reducing inflammation and can be dangerous if administered with NSAID's | Corticosteroids |
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