Antiarrhythmic Drugs

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Flashcards on Antiarrhythmic Drugs, created by littlebluechair on 30/12/2013.
littlebluechair
Flashcards by littlebluechair, updated more than 1 year ago
littlebluechair
Created by littlebluechair over 10 years ago
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Question Answer
Digoxin Digoxin inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in myocardial cell membranes.
How does digoxin serve as an antiarrythmic? It increases the refractory period and decreases the conduction time of the AV node.
How is digoxin used therapeutically? For treating supraventricular arrhythmias and congestive heart failure.
What are the toxicities to watch for? Atrial or ventricular dysrhythmias (most commonly atrial tachycardia)
What is the treatment for digoxin toxicity? Digoxin antibodies.
Magnesium sulfate How does magnesium sulfate prevent arrhythmia? The mechanism is not completely clear, but it is thought to stabilize cardiac cell membranes.
When do you use this drug? For treating torsades de pointes
What are the adverse effects? Bradycardia Respiratory paralysis Flushing Headache
How does adenosine work? It activates acetylcholine-sensitive K+ channels, especially in the SA and AV nodes. This increases in K+ conductance results in shortening of action potential duration, hyperpolarization and decreased automaticity.
How is it administered? IV only
Describe adenosine's clinical role It is a beneficial drug for diagnosing and terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias because of its limited toxicites and rapid onset.
What are the adverse effects? Flushing, Dyspnea, Chest pain, Headache.
Class IV antiarrhythmics-Calcium channel blockers What drugs belong to this group? Verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine.
How do they work? These drugs block L type calcium channels and decrease both SA node automaticity and AV nodal conduction. More specifically, they decrease the rate of phase 4 spontaneous depolarization and thus increase the effective refractory period. Verapamil has the greatest effect on cardiac tissue.
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