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Description
Flashcards by lydia.gole, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lydia.gole
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell organelles: The cell wall | The cell wall is made of glucose. It helps support and give shape to the cell. |
| Cell organelles: The cell membrane | The cell membrane surrounds and holds the cell contents together.It also controls the substances that enter and leave the cell. Food and oxygen enter the cell and waste products leave the cell. |
| Cell organelles: Protoplasm | Protoplasm consists of the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| Cell organelles: Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance around the nucleus in which all the cell organelles float. Most chemical reactions in the cell occur here. |
| Cell organelles: The nucleus | The nucleus controls cell activities and cell division. |
| Cell organelles: Chloroplasts | Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which traps sunlight for photosynthesis. |
| Cell organelles: Mitochondria | Mitochondria produce energy by cellular respiration by combining glucose with oxygen. glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| Cell organelles: Vacuoles | Vacuoles are sac-like structures that store water, sap or food particles. |
| Plant and animal cells: differences 1 | Plants make their own food by the process called photosynthesis which is carried out by chloroplasts. water + carbon dioxide = oxygen + glucose |
| Plant and animal cells: differences 2 | Animal cells do not have chloroplasts because they do not make their own food. They need to take in food constantly. |
| Plant and animal cells: differences 3 | Plant cells have large vacuoles whereas animal cells have either small vacuoles or no vacuoles. |
| Plant and animal cells: differences 4 | Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose to protect them and give them a rigid shape. Animal cells have no cell walls. |
| Plant and animal cells: similarities | Both plant and animal cells possess cell membrane, nucleus, protoplasm, cytoplasm and mitochondria. |
| Cell organisation | |
| Cell | Basic building block of living organisms (eg. skin cell, blood cell) |
| Tissues | Group of cells that work together for a common function. (eg. muscle tissue, liver tissue) |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together for a common function. (eg. heart, stomach, brain) |
| System | Group of organs that work together for a common function. (eg. digestive system, circulatory system) |
| Organism | Group of systems that work together for a common function. (eg. Human, dog, cat, tree) |
| Unicellular and Multicellular organisms: Unicellular | Unicellular organisms such as bacteria and protozoans are made of one cell |
| Unicellular and Multicellular organisms: Multicellular | Multicellular organisms such as plants, animals and humans are made of many cells. Cells work together to carry put functions for survival. |
| Requirements of cells: Respiration | Cells need energy, which comes from food and oxygen. The process of obtaining energy is called respiration. Respiration is the process that keeps all cells alive. The food material that cells need for respiration is a sugar called glucose. Cells are supplied with glucose and oxygen by the circulation of blood. |
| Requirements of cells: Waste material | The waste materials from respiration are carbon dioxide, water and some heat energy. These are removed by the respiratory and excretory systems. Heat and water in the form of sweat are lost from the skin. |
| Photosythesis | Occurs in plants, or any living organism that has chloroplasts containing the green pigment, chlorophyll. CO2 + H2O = (sunlight and chlorophyll) = O2 + food (glucose) |
| Respiration | Occurs in plants and animals O2 + food = CO2 + H2O + energy |
| Microscope parts | |
| Chromosomes in Humans | 46 one from mother one from father |
| Cytokinesis | Splitting into daughter cells at the end of mitosis - so two separate cells are formed. |
| Diploid | Normal number of chromosomes, 46 |
| Haploid | Half the number of chromosomes (23). eg. sperm or ova/egg |
| Daughter cells | Daughter cells are the cells that result from a 'parent' cell that undergoes mitosis |
| Mitosis | Mitosis is splitting a cell into two |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is splitting a cell into two and then splitting those cells into two again, and they have half the number of original chromosomes. Sperm and ova are formed this way. |
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