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| Question | Answer |
| What is a population in the context of ecosystems? | A population is a group of individuals from the same species living in a specific area. |
| What determines the characteristics of a community in an ecosystem? | A community's characteristics are influenced by abiotic factors (such as climate, soil, disturbances, and water) and biotic factors (such as plants and animals). |
| What are some examples of abiotic factors that affect ecosystems? | Climate (temperature, sunlight, wind, rainfall), soil (pH, movement, water retention), disturbances (fire, flood, frost), and water (depth, turbidity, force). |
| Name some biotic factors in an ecosystem. | include living organisms such as plants and animals. |
| What is the intertidal zone, and what are its unique challenges? | The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tide on coastlines. Organisms in this zone face challenges like changing water levels, exposure to air, and varying temperatures. |
| What are some special adaptations of organisms in the intertidal zone? | Organisms here may have adaptations like tough shells to resist waves, the ability to cling to rocks, tolerance to changes in salinity. |
| Name the main ocean zones, from the surface to the deepest parts? | The epipelagic (sunlight zone), mesopelagic (twilight zone), bathypelagic (midnight zone), abyssopelagic (abyss), and hadalpelagic (trenches) zones. |
| What is vertical zonation in ocean ecosystems? | vertical zonation refers to the distinct layers in marine environments, where different organisms are adapted to specific depths based on light, pressure, and temperature. |
| What are ‘limiting factors’ or ‘tolerance limits’ in an ecosystem? | Limiting factors are conditions that restrict the growth, distribution, OR abundance in an ecosystem. Tolerance limits define the within the organisms in which they can survive, e.g. temp or pH levels. |
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