Chapter 6 key terms

Question	Answer
accounts payable	Amounts owed to suppliers for goods and services received. In a data modeling context, accounts payable are calculated based on receipts (purchases) from each supplier less the corresponding payments (cash disbursements) to those suppliers.
agents	The people or organizations, such as customers or salespeople, who participate in business events.
cash	The organization’s monies in bank or related accounts. The instances of the class are individual accounts. This is considered a resource.
cash disbursements	Record payments of cash to external agents (e.g., suppliers) and the corresponding reduction in cash accounts. This is considered an event.
choreography	The science of examining raw data (now often Big Data), removing excess noise from the dataset, and organizing the data with the purpose of drawing conclusions for decision making.
collaboration	A BPMN model showing two participant pools and the interactions between them within a process.
events	(UML) Classes that model the organization’s transactions, usually affecting the organization’s resources, such as sales and cash receipts; (BPMN) important occurrences that affect the flow of activities in a business process, including start, intermediate, and end events.
gateway	Shows process branching and merging as the result of decisions. Basic gateways are depicted as diamonds. Usually, gateways appear as pairs on the diagram. The first gateway shows the branching, and the second gateway shows merging of the process branches.
intermediate event	Occurs between start and end events and affects the flow of the process.
intermediate timer event	Intermediate events that indicate a delay in the normal process flow until a fixed amount of time has elapsed.
many-to-many relationship	Exists when instances of one class (e.g., sales) are related to many instances of another class (e.g., inventory) and vice versa. These relationships are implemented in Access and relational databases by adding a linking table to convert the many-to-many relationship into two one-to-many relationships.
one-to-one relationship	Exists when instances of one class (e.g., sales) are related to only one instance of another class (e.g., cash receipts) and each instance of the other class is related to only one instance of the original class.
orchestration	In BPMN, the sequence of activities within one pool.
product	Class representing the organization’s goods held for sale—that is, the organization’s inventory. This is considered a resource.
purchase discount	An offer from the supplier to reduce the cost of a purchase if payment is made according to specified terms, usually within a specified time.
purchase order	A commitment event that precedes the economic purchase event. It records formal offers to suppliers to pay them if the supplier complies with the terms of the purchase order.
purchases	Records the receipt of goods or services from a supplier and the corresponding obligation to pay the supplier. These are considered events.
REA	Resource-event-agent framework for modeling business processes, originally developed by William McCarthy.
receipt	Same as the purchases event.
resources	Those things that have economic value to a firm, such as cash and products.
subprocess	Represent a series of process steps that are hidden from view in BPMN. The use of subprocesses in modeling helps reduce complexity.
suppliers	In the UML diagram of the purchases and payments process, the external agents from whom goods and services are purchased and to whom payments are made.
timer events	Indication of a delay in the flow of a process to a specific date, an elapsed time (e.g., 30 days), or a relative repetitive date, such as every Friday.
type image	Class that represents management information (such as categorizations, policies, and guidelines) to help manage a business process. Type image often allows process information to be summarized by category.

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