C1 | Flashcards

Question	Answer
Finite resources	No longer being made/being made very slowly
Non-renewable resource	Being used up faster than they're being formed
2 problems of using fossil fuels	1) It would've run out in future 2) Trying to find a replacement
Hydrocarbon	Made from molecules containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon
Order of fractionating column	LPG, petrol, paraffin, diesel, heating oil, fuel oils and bitumen
Where do lower boiling point hydrocarbons tap off at?	The top
Why can crude oil be separated?	The molecules are different sizes and have different intermolecular forces
Large molecules have ............ forces of attraction	Strong
Why do large molecules have high boiling points?	Because a lot of energy is needed to break the strong forces of attraction
Problems with transporting oil	Can damage birds' feathers (causing death) and clean up detergents can harm wildlife
Political problems with extracting crude oil	UK is dependant on oil supplies from unstable countries - they can set higher prices causing problems for non-oil producing nations
Cracking	A process that turns larger less in demand alkanes and turns them into smaller more demanded alkenes such as petrol
TEA CUPS	Toxicity, Energy value, Availability, Cost, Use (ease of), Pollution, Storage
Fossil fuels increasing because ...	...populations increasing
Why are governments concerned about rising population (and rise in fossil fuels)?	carbon dioxide emissions increase
What's put in place to cut down carbon dioxide emissions?	Countries agreements within the next 15-20 years to reduce carbon dioxide emissions
Methane + (sufficient amount) oxygen ->	Carbon dioxide + water
Positives of complete combustion	- More energy released - Carbon monoxide and soot aren't being made
Incomplete combustion word equation	fuel + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water
Balanced symbol equation for methane + oxygen	CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Composition of clean air...	78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.035% carbon dioxide
Why does composition of air change very little?	Because there's a balance between all the processes (combustion, photosynthesis etc.)
Two reasons why percentage of carbon dioxide has increased slightly	-Deforestation -Increased population
How did our atmosphere become how it is today?	-Degassing -Rich in water vapour and carbon dioxide -Condensed to form oceans and carbon dioxide dissolved in water -Nitrogen levels increased -Photosynthesis created oxygen and took in carbon dioxide
Problems of sulfur dioxide	-Difficulties for asthmatics -Acid rain damaging wildlife and limestone monuments
Symbol equation for reaction in catalytic converter	2CO + 2NO -> N2 + 2CO2
Alkanes	Saturated and single covalent bonds
Alkenes	Unsaturated and double covalent bond/s
How to test for alkene	Bromine turns colourless
Name of bromine and ethene reaction	Addition reaction
what is made when you react ethene with bromine	a dibromo compound
Conditions needed for addition polymerisation	High pressure and a catalyst
Process of addition polymerisation	when double bond in ethene breaks and each carbon atom creates a new bond making a long molecule
Properties of nylon	lightweight, waterproof, UV proof
benefit of Gore-Tex over nylon	Its breathable
What's Gore Tex made up of and why?	PTFE and nylon (as its too fragile). Holes in PTFE small enough to keep rainwater out but big enough to let water vapour (sweat) out.
What type of polymers are scientists trying to create?	- Dissolvable - Biodegradable
Environmental and economical issues with existing polymers	- Landfill sites fill up quickly - Landfill sites waste valuable space - Burning plastics make toxic gases - Burning/Chucking plastics increases use of crude oil - Recycling is complicated

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	Created by Anna Hollywood about 11 years ago